DIGITAL SKILLS AND HUMAN RESOURCES: A KEY DRIVER OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN NORTH MACEDONIA, KNOWLEDGE

Abstract

In times of global digital transformation, the development and application of digital skills is a key factor for the productivity and competitiveness of the employees. This paper analyzes the level of application of digital skills among employees in the Republic of North Macedonia, by investigating their knowledge, abilities, and readiness to use information and communication technologies (ICT) in everyday professional activities. Through a survey, insight is gained into the real situation of digital literacy and the need for training, retraining, and continuous learning. The results show that, although a large part of employees successfully use mobile devices, email, social networks, and basic office applications, there is still a deficit of advanced digital competencies, especially in areas such as software installation, multimedia editing, programming, and cybersecurity. The paper in detail elaborates the different types of digital skills according to the European DigComp framework and identifies 21 key competencies grouped into five categories. It also reviews global and European initiatives, strategies, and instruments aimed at strengthening digital literacy among people of all ages. The research also points to differences in digital skills based on age, geographical location, educational and socio-economic status. The conclusion points to the need for a systemic approach to digital transformation through educational policies, public-private partnerships, and structured training for employees. The increased involvement of institutions and companies in creating conditions for adapting to the digital society is also of crucial importance. Inclusive economic growth can be achieved, and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution can be successfully addressed only through the full readiness of human resources.