Enhancing the Environmental Impact of Roundabouts as a part of Urban Green Infrastructure: A Case Study of Skopje , North Macedonia

Abstract

Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of urban life by incorporating diverse green areas. Roundabouts, as integral elements of urban landscapes, have gained global popularity in recent decades due to their traffic management benefits. However, their potential to improve environmental quality is now receiving increasing attention. This paper examines the environmental impact of six roundabouts in Skopje, North Macedonia, located across different parts of the city. It highlights the significance of these roundabouts as green spaces within the urban green infrastructure network and evaluates their landscape design and constituent elements. All six roundabouts studied are integrated into the urban green infrastructure network, contributing approximately 7000 m² of green area. While grass cover is present in all of them, three roundabouts incorporate low vegetation, and the remaining three feature a combination of low and high vegetation. However, the prevalent excessive use of unsustainable annual flowering plants poses economic challenges. In addition, inadequate maintenance practices and poor plant selection, lacking resistance to harmful automotive emissions, have resulted in suboptimal conditions for many plants. Recommendations are given to optimise the functionality, sustainability, and biodiversity of roundabouts while maintaining aesthetic appeal. By adopting a strategic and holistic approach, urban planners can enhance the environmental impact of roundabouts, ensuring their integration into a cohesive and resilient urban green infrastructure network.