Hydatid cyst of the left kidney mimicking renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

Case Presentation: A 41-year-old female presented with intermittent left flank pain and mild hematuria for several months. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a tumor formation concerning for renal cell carcinoma, with a 5 × 3 cm cystic lesion in the left kidney. Computed tomography further indicated possible neoinfiltration. Laboratory tests were unremarkable. Due to suspicion of malignancy, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Intraoperatively, a well-encapsulated cyst was excised while preserving renal parenchyma with clean surgical margins, requiring the removal of a small portion of the parenchyma. Given its cystic consistency, an Endo bag was used immediately after dissection to prevent spillage and potential dissemination of the tumor. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of renal hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day four. Albendazole therapy was initiated for three months to prevent recurrence. Renal hydatid cysts are often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Imaging, including MRI, may mimic renal cell carcinoma, making histopathology essential for definitive diagnosis. Proper intraoperative techniques, such as the use of an Endo bag, are crucial to prevent dissemination. Surgical removal remains the treatment of choice, with antiparasitic therapy reducing recurrence risk. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering hydatid disease in renal cystic lesions, even when imaging suggests malignancy. Careful handling of the cyst during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is essential to prevent dissemination and recurrence.