Small world application layer for ad hoc networks
Journal
Telekomunikacioni Forum Telfor, Belgrade
Date Issued
2003
Author(s)
Makraduli, Jani
Grnarov, Aksenti
Abstract
A mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of
mobile entities connected by wireless links. Nodes in an ad
hoc network can act as both hosts and routers given that
they can both generate and forward packets. Since there is
no existing communication infrastructure (e.g., a wired or a
fixed wireless base station), all entities are free to move
while creating a self-organizing dynamic network. Ad hoc
networks are suited for use in situations where
infrastructure is either not available, not trusted, or should
not be relied on in times of emergency. A few examples
include: military solders in the field; an infrastructure-less
network of notebook computers in a conference or campus
setting; the forestry or lumber industry; space exploration;
undersea operations; and temporary offices such as
campaign headquarters [1].
The people that come together and form an ad hoc network
in order to share information are also part of some social
network. Since most human communication takes place
directly between individuals, such networks are crucially
important for communications. This sociological concept is
the basis for small world research, which describes the
tendency for each entity in a large system to be separated
from any other entity in the system by only a few steps [2].
Small world networks are promising candidates for
communication networks since data-flow patterns show a
large amount of clustering with a small number of "longdistance" communications that need to be accomplished
efficiently [12]. This is a result of the fact that people tend
not so much to have friends as to have groups of friends,
each of which is like a little cluster based on shared
experience, location, or interests (see Fig 1.). This groups
are joined to each other by the overlaps created when
individuals in one group also belong to other groups [3].
Most of the communication between the entities is done
inside the friends cluster while the necessity to
communicate with a non friend is scarcely rare.
In most of the articles on ad hoc network performances
traffic in a randomly connected nodes environment is
considered. Examples can be found in [4][5]0. Johansson
et al. [7] made a performance analysis by simulating three
realistic scenarios that include rescue operations in remote
areas, ad-hoc networks between notebook computers used
to spread and share information among the participants of a
conference; and short range ad-hoc network
intercommunication of various mobile devices (e.g., a
cellular phone or PDA). For the purposes of investigating
the performances of ad hoc networks in [8] an application
layer with clustering is used and in [9] the effects of small
world phenomena on performances of ad hoc networks is
performed.
In this paper we propose a new realistic model for
application layer in ad hoc networks.
mobile entities connected by wireless links. Nodes in an ad
hoc network can act as both hosts and routers given that
they can both generate and forward packets. Since there is
no existing communication infrastructure (e.g., a wired or a
fixed wireless base station), all entities are free to move
while creating a self-organizing dynamic network. Ad hoc
networks are suited for use in situations where
infrastructure is either not available, not trusted, or should
not be relied on in times of emergency. A few examples
include: military solders in the field; an infrastructure-less
network of notebook computers in a conference or campus
setting; the forestry or lumber industry; space exploration;
undersea operations; and temporary offices such as
campaign headquarters [1].
The people that come together and form an ad hoc network
in order to share information are also part of some social
network. Since most human communication takes place
directly between individuals, such networks are crucially
important for communications. This sociological concept is
the basis for small world research, which describes the
tendency for each entity in a large system to be separated
from any other entity in the system by only a few steps [2].
Small world networks are promising candidates for
communication networks since data-flow patterns show a
large amount of clustering with a small number of "longdistance" communications that need to be accomplished
efficiently [12]. This is a result of the fact that people tend
not so much to have friends as to have groups of friends,
each of which is like a little cluster based on shared
experience, location, or interests (see Fig 1.). This groups
are joined to each other by the overlaps created when
individuals in one group also belong to other groups [3].
Most of the communication between the entities is done
inside the friends cluster while the necessity to
communicate with a non friend is scarcely rare.
In most of the articles on ad hoc network performances
traffic in a randomly connected nodes environment is
considered. Examples can be found in [4][5]0. Johansson
et al. [7] made a performance analysis by simulating three
realistic scenarios that include rescue operations in remote
areas, ad-hoc networks between notebook computers used
to spread and share information among the participants of a
conference; and short range ad-hoc network
intercommunication of various mobile devices (e.g., a
cellular phone or PDA). For the purposes of investigating
the performances of ad hoc networks in [8] an application
layer with clustering is used and in [9] the effects of small
world phenomena on performances of ad hoc networks is
performed.
In this paper we propose a new realistic model for
application layer in ad hoc networks.
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