Systemic and Ophthalmic Manifestations in Different Types ofRefractive Errors in Patients with Down Syndrome
Journal
Medicina, MDPI
Date Issued
2022-07-22
Author(s)
Ljubic,Antonela
Stankovic, Branislav
Langmann, Andrea
Dimitrova, Galina
Jovanovic, Ivana
Tesic, Milorad
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58080995
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of systemic and
ophthalmic manifestations in different refractive groups in children and young adults with Down
syndrome (DS). Materials and Methods: The study was a population-based, cross-sectional study that
included 141 Caucasian children and young adults with DS. They were classified into the following
three groups: myopia DS group (37 subjects, mean age 15.8 years), emmetropia DS group (41 subjects,
mean age 11.7 years) and hyperopia DS group (63 subjects, mean age 10.9 years). The participants
underwent inspection, slit-lamp examination, cycloplegic refraction, ocular alignment and ocular
motility examination. Ten systemic manifestations were analyzed. Results: There was no difference
in the prevalence of any systemic manifestations between the groups. Considering the ophthalmic
manifestations, there was statistical difference in the distribution of proportions among the three
groups for nystagmus (p = 0.011), iris-stromal atrophy (p = 0.048) and strabismus (p = 0.031). The
prevalence of strabismus in our DS myopia group was 35.1%, and in DS hyperopia group 38.1%.
Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that DS children and young adults with any refractive
error do not have a higher chance of additional systemic manifestations. Myopia in DS was associated
with a higher prevalence of nystagmus and iris stromal atrophy, whereas astigmatism was found to
be more frequent in hyperopia.
ophthalmic manifestations in different refractive groups in children and young adults with Down
syndrome (DS). Materials and Methods: The study was a population-based, cross-sectional study that
included 141 Caucasian children and young adults with DS. They were classified into the following
three groups: myopia DS group (37 subjects, mean age 15.8 years), emmetropia DS group (41 subjects,
mean age 11.7 years) and hyperopia DS group (63 subjects, mean age 10.9 years). The participants
underwent inspection, slit-lamp examination, cycloplegic refraction, ocular alignment and ocular
motility examination. Ten systemic manifestations were analyzed. Results: There was no difference
in the prevalence of any systemic manifestations between the groups. Considering the ophthalmic
manifestations, there was statistical difference in the distribution of proportions among the three
groups for nystagmus (p = 0.011), iris-stromal atrophy (p = 0.048) and strabismus (p = 0.031). The
prevalence of strabismus in our DS myopia group was 35.1%, and in DS hyperopia group 38.1%.
Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that DS children and young adults with any refractive
error do not have a higher chance of additional systemic manifestations. Myopia in DS was associated
with a higher prevalence of nystagmus and iris stromal atrophy, whereas astigmatism was found to
be more frequent in hyperopia.
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