PREDICTABILITY OF D-DIMER LEVEL ON ADMISSION FOR HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA
Journal
Academic Medical Journal
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Markovska, Zorica
Meshkova, Iskra
Stojanoski, Ivica
DOI
10.53582/amj2221041m
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of D-dimer as a biomarker in the
assessment of COVID-19 prognosis in hospitalized patients.
Material and methods: A total of 117 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia
between the age of 19 and 89 years (mean age 53) were admitted to the City General Hospital
8th September, Skopje, Macedonia. In all patients, a D-dimer test for coagulation profile and
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for disease progression were performed on the day of admission.
Patient demographic data, presence of comorbidities, severe symptoms, and radiological
findings were determined for each patient. We calculated the National Early Warning Score
(NEWS 2) for assessment of acute illness severity. The level of oxygen saturation (SpO2) was
also determined. Length of hospital stay and length of stay at home were filled later after
hospitalization using medical records.
Results: Patients were classified according to D-dimer level into a low group (D-dimer ≤
2 mcg/ml) and a high group (D-dimer ≥ 2 mcg/ml). Elevated D-dimer level was associated
with severity, hypoxia, and lethal outcome. Patients with a high level of D-dimer had a higher
NEWS 2 score, worsen radiological findings, and higher LDH. Patients with low levels of D dimer stayed at home longer than those with higher D-dimer levels.
Conclusion: The D-dimer level is a useful marker in assessing the coagulation profile
of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia regardless of the type of disease. Implementation of
screening tools like the NEWS 2 score is also needed for better risk stratification on hospital
admission.
assessment of COVID-19 prognosis in hospitalized patients.
Material and methods: A total of 117 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia
between the age of 19 and 89 years (mean age 53) were admitted to the City General Hospital
8th September, Skopje, Macedonia. In all patients, a D-dimer test for coagulation profile and
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for disease progression were performed on the day of admission.
Patient demographic data, presence of comorbidities, severe symptoms, and radiological
findings were determined for each patient. We calculated the National Early Warning Score
(NEWS 2) for assessment of acute illness severity. The level of oxygen saturation (SpO2) was
also determined. Length of hospital stay and length of stay at home were filled later after
hospitalization using medical records.
Results: Patients were classified according to D-dimer level into a low group (D-dimer ≤
2 mcg/ml) and a high group (D-dimer ≥ 2 mcg/ml). Elevated D-dimer level was associated
with severity, hypoxia, and lethal outcome. Patients with a high level of D-dimer had a higher
NEWS 2 score, worsen radiological findings, and higher LDH. Patients with low levels of D dimer stayed at home longer than those with higher D-dimer levels.
Conclusion: The D-dimer level is a useful marker in assessing the coagulation profile
of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia regardless of the type of disease. Implementation of
screening tools like the NEWS 2 score is also needed for better risk stratification on hospital
admission.
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