Процена на краниофацијалните и дентоалвеоларни структури кај индивидуи со различен тип на вертикален раст

Abstract

One of the basic and primary tasks of orthodontics is to direct the growth and development of the craniofacial system and to establish a balance between its parts, and thus to provide good occlusion, function and facial aesthetics. Diagnosing and thus determining the plan of orthodontic treatment is a key and starting point in orthodontics. There are several diagnostic methods for diagnosing skeletal disharmony in the craniofacial region. Among the most important are profile teletrеngenography and analysis of cephalometric imaging, which allows us to assess the type of growth and development of the individual. With the help of cephalometric analysis and application of certain linear and angular parameters, the facial type is determined, the dimensions of the bone and soft tissue structures are determined, as well as their mutual ratio; the characteristics and placement of the jaw bases in relation to the cranial base, assessment of denatalveolar relations, as well as assessment of growth and development and the influence of certain factors that may emphasize orthodontic irregularity. The craniomandibular angle is part of the cephalometric analysis used to define individuals with different types of vertical growth as a stable parameter that is independent of the change in the sagittal dimension of the mandible.Grounded on its dimensions, a classification of a normal or combined type of growth is made, vertical, i.e. hyperdivergent growth type and horizontal or hypodivergent growth type. The vertical growth type is usually associated with an increase in the dimensions of the anterior facial height, an increased gonial angle, a shorter length of the mandibular ramus, the possibility of vertical irregularities and open bites, all of which alter the soft and external structures appearance of the individual and the presence of an open bite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of skeletal and soft tissue craniofacial structures in individuals with different sagittal irregularities and different types of vertical growth - hypodivergent (horizontal) or hyperdivergent type of growth (vertical) and how it affects bone and soft tissue structures structures, i.e. the aesthetics and appearance of the individual. In the analysis, we also included measurements of the parameters of the extraction index according to Kim in order to assist in determining the directions of orthodontic treatment. Based on the performed analyzes of profile cephalograms of individuals aged 12-16 years, the characteristics of persons with different types of vertical growth and irregularity in the sagittal direction are determined and depending on them, the we can choose the best modalities in the implementation of orthodontic therapy that sholud be conducted and applied: whather the expansion of dental arches is required in either one or both of them, or the treatment plan requires extraction of individual teeth.