Застапеност и мерење на сивата економија во Република Македонија

Abstract

In this work the literature results obtained from the studies of shadow economy have been reviewed. In order to make an in depth study of the peculiarities of the hidden economy in the Republic of Macedonia, in this work measurements of the shadow economy have been made by using new internationally recognized methods: electricity input method and latent estimation approach, for the entire period from the beginning of transition and independence to this moment (from 1991 to the end of 2011, the last entire year expired before submission of this work), by using available data of high uniform quality, in order to obtain relevant results. It was found that the values obtained by the two methods used in this work are close to each other and display the same temporal pattern. The extent of the shadow economy fluctuates around a typical value (baseline) of about 30,5%. For certain periods markedly increased values are obtained, which in this paper have been attributed to markedly unfavorable economic conditions: over 40% up to 1995 (trade blockades and high inflation), 35% in 2001 (armed conflict) and 34% in 2008 (global recession). It has been found that te taxation burdain strongly influences the shadow economy, which is typical of the Republic of Macedonia as well as of some countries that are in simmilar economic circumstances.