Развој на метод за директно тргување со енергија: виртуелна нето-нaплата

Abstract

In recent years, end-consumers have increasingly been grouping in energy communities in order to jointly generate, distribute, sell, share or store energy. This thesis focuses on facilitating energy sharing within such communities and proposes a community-based energy sharing method called virtual net-billing. The proposed method treats the energy community as a single prosumer whose electricity bill is calculated using net-billing, but simultaneously distributes the jointly generated surplus among the members of the community in real time, based on their individual contribution. The properties of the proposed method are explored analytically, using cooperative game theory, and through a large number of computer simulations based on real-world data. A theoretical framework, consisted of three mutually non-exclusive definitions and three numerical indicators, is proposed, in order to quantify the fairness of the virtual net-billing. Using this framework, the method is compared to five existing energy sharing methods from the scientific literature based on cooperative game theory and peer-to-peer market mechanisms. The results indicate that virtual net-billing provides the lowest trade-off between fairness and computation complexity, since it is meritocratic, results in minimised inequalities and is notably faster than the widely used game theoretic solutions. Moreover, the thesis offers a thorough statistical analysis of the energy balances of the individual prosumers and the energy community, thus deriving statistically significant correlations that can be used to estimate self-consumption and its components. These values are essential for estimating the economic effects of energy sharing on the community and other actors in the energy sector.