Евалуација на скелетни и мекоткивни фацијални варијации кaj испитаници со сагитални неправилности со употреба на кефалометриски и антропометриски анализи

Abstract

The growth and development of the orofacial system is a complex and dynamic process that evolves with different intensity and at different time periods depending on the growth and development of an individual. This process is a set of certain phenomena that define the anatomic, morphological, physiological and functional characteristics of the orophacial system. Any deviation from this process leads to formation of various morphological and functional irregularities. Therefore, early diagnosis is extremely important in determining causes that lead to disruption of this system, and it is key factor for selecting the appropriate approach in regards to the plan and therapy of patients with orthodontic anomalies. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the diagnostic method of choice – the anthropometric or cephalometric method, one of them can be used in determining the morphological changes in skeletal and dental structures in patients with sagittal irregularities. Furthermore, their facial aesthetics and expressions have also been determined, and the possible correlation of different cephalometric and anthropometric measurements has been analyzed. In this study there were 94 respondents included, aged 14 to 22 years. They were divided into one control group- respondents with normal occlusion class I and two test groups respondents with class II and class III malocclusion. Anthropometric measurements of the head and cephalometric measurements of lateral cephalograms were performed on all subjects. The results obtained didn’t show protrusion of the upper central incisors and normal position or soft retroinclination of the lower central incisors in class II. Protrusion of the upper central incisors and mild retroinclination of the lower central incisors in class III was defined. In subjects with normoclusion I class, the mesofacial type of face was dominant which indicated a balanced growth of the face, while in the examined groups, malocclusion II and malocclusion III class, a brachyfacial type of face was fined, with the dominance of the horizontal growth of the face. In the subjects from the examined group malocclusion II class, a convex profile was fined, while in the subjects from the examined group a class of malocclusion III class concave profile. The results based on the differences between the twelve proportional indexes show significant discrepancy between the proportions of the anthropometric and cephalometric measured indexes, which indicates precaution in their use in clinical practice. Therefore, diagnostics of morphological changes in soft tissues and the skeleton should be performed individually. The results of the correlation of Farkas anthropometric and cephalometric measurements in the field of sagittal irregularities showed correlation of five measurements of total six linear measurements, which means that they can be used in the early diagnosis of orthodontic sagittal irregularities.