Repurposed EV batteries integration in smart energy grids to facilitate a greener energy sector

Journal
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Society and Technology
Date Issued
2022
Author(s)
Dimitrovski, D., Manev, N., Jovanovikj, E., & Uler-Zefikj, M.
Abstract
The global fleet of electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs) is predicted to grow immensely over the next decade, leading to lower CO2 emissions in road transportation but higher demand for lithium-ion batteries. Battery manufacturing and even battery recycling are both very carbon and energy-intensive processes. Having environmental sustainability in mind, reusing is the preferable technique to the production of waste and recycling since it provides an opportunity to extend the EVs batteries’ lifespan by reusing them in different second-life applications. Reusing batteries in battery energy storage systems (BESS) complements the idea of a smart grid by allowing energy storage at periods of low demand at night and release during the grid peaks, grid frequency regulation and levelling peaks in renewable energy generation, thereby alleviating the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and decreasing the carbon footprint of the energy sector. The aim of this paper is to conduct an analysis on the benefits of reusing and repurposing EV batteries in smart BESS compared to direct recycling by using available data and case studies. A careful review of the materials shows that the benefits outweigh the disadvantages of repurposing vehicle batteries into secondary applications considering the carbon-intensiveness of the battery recycling process. The benefits of using repurposed battery packs have a major potential to facilitate a greener energy sector by shifting electricity purchases to off-peak times, more efficient use of the energy grid by providing constant energy reserves and storage for meeting changes in supply and demand, emission reductions, integration of renewable power and supporting their expansion, as well as more effective use of original materials.
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