Sensitivity analysis for integration of renewable energy sources into district heating systems
Journal
Thermal Science
Date Issued
2024
Author(s)
Kochov, Elena
Uler-Zefikj, Monika
DOI
10.2298/tsci240528236s
Abstract
<jats:p>The advantage of district heating systems compared to individual systems lies
in their potential to diversify heat sources, foster greater system
independence and reliability, and optimise heat energy production costs.
This work evaluates the techno-economic rationale behind investing in
district heating systems focusing on determining the threshold at which such
investments become cost-effective. This includes indicators such as linear
heat density [MWh/km] to ascertain the break-even point, alongside the
calculation of the levelized sost of energy. Five simulation models of a
heating system are developed and analysed for a designated area of the city
of Ohrid (Republic of North Macedonia), focusing on existing buildings and
their energy consumption patterns. Three scenarios incorporate public
facilities such as schools, offices, and hospitals. Additionally, two more
scenarios include these facilities along with 1,000 residential buildings to
achieve higher linear heat density. These buildings are examined both as
energy class D structures with a demand of 110 kWh/m2/year and as more
efficient energy class C buildings with a heat demand of 70 kWh/m2/year,
including for space heating and domestic hot water supply. The energy hub
system integrates various components, such as solar thermal collectors,
combined heat and power, and heat pumps, to meet heat demands while ensuring
a balanced energy mix. Scenario 5 is identified as the most cost-effective,
with a levelized cost of energy of 98 EUR/MWh, a linear heat density of 1363
MWh/km, and an annual heat demand of approximately 15 GWh.</jats:p>
in their potential to diversify heat sources, foster greater system
independence and reliability, and optimise heat energy production costs.
This work evaluates the techno-economic rationale behind investing in
district heating systems focusing on determining the threshold at which such
investments become cost-effective. This includes indicators such as linear
heat density [MWh/km] to ascertain the break-even point, alongside the
calculation of the levelized sost of energy. Five simulation models of a
heating system are developed and analysed for a designated area of the city
of Ohrid (Republic of North Macedonia), focusing on existing buildings and
their energy consumption patterns. Three scenarios incorporate public
facilities such as schools, offices, and hospitals. Additionally, two more
scenarios include these facilities along with 1,000 residential buildings to
achieve higher linear heat density. These buildings are examined both as
energy class D structures with a demand of 110 kWh/m2/year and as more
efficient energy class C buildings with a heat demand of 70 kWh/m2/year,
including for space heating and domestic hot water supply. The energy hub
system integrates various components, such as solar thermal collectors,
combined heat and power, and heat pumps, to meet heat demands while ensuring
a balanced energy mix. Scenario 5 is identified as the most cost-effective,
with a levelized cost of energy of 98 EUR/MWh, a linear heat density of 1363
MWh/km, and an annual heat demand of approximately 15 GWh.</jats:p>
Subjects
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