Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Item type:Publication,
    The fir as a destructor of the forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia
    (2012-09-13)
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    In the last 20-30 years in the forests in the Republic of Macedonia has been noted increasing presence of the fir. There are a number of factors that condition the spread of the fir, mainly the higher protection from the harmful effects of the anthropo-zoogenic factor, and changes in the environmental conditions. The spread of the fir is most intense in the zone of the beech forest region, but expansion is observed in the higher oak regions, too. This occurrence is a result of two main reasons: i) spread of the fir regarding natural regeneration; ii) spread of the fir by sowing fir seed in the beech and oak forest communities. The fir as a shade-tolerant species is the one which can survive and thrive as an understory of beech forests and it is capable to have a long time to rest awaiting the favourable moment for expansion in height. In the struggle for light in natural successive processes the fir manages to overcome the beech, which is confirmed by the fact that in high density beech forests the fir’s offspring successfully adapt to site conditions. Thus, it is evident the phytocoenological destructing role of the fir particularly in the beech forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia. In addition, the plant diversity in pure fir forests is poorer then in mixed fir forests. Confirmation of this finding are the data obtained from the management plans which shows the changing of the structure of the forests by composition and volume in favour of the fir.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Genetic diversity of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula and evidence of marron genotype introgression into wild populations
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017-01-19)
    Poljak, Igor
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    Idžojtić, Marilena
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    Šatović, Zlatko
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    Ježić, Marin
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    Ćurković-Perica, Mirna
    The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a widely spread and important multipurpose tree species in the Mediterranean area, which has played an important role in human history. Natural events, such as glaciations, and human influence played significant roles in the distribution and genetic makeup of the sweet chestnut. In order to better understand how natural and human-mediated past events affected the current genetic diversity and structure of the sweet chestnut, we analysed populations from Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, utilizing ten polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. The study revealed the existence of three genetically and, to a large extent, geographically distinct and well-defined groups of sweet chestnut populations. Two not entirely separated groups of populations were detected in the northern part of the studied area and one in the southern. Our results indicate that the genetic structure of sweet chestnut populations in Central Europe and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula is the result of both natural colonization events and significant and lengthy human impact. Furthermore, it has been proven that the gene flow between cultivated/grafted trees’ and wild chestnut stands can influence their genetic structure. However, our results reveal that cultivated-to-wild introgression in the sweet chestnut is dependent on the close proximity of chestnut orchards and naturally occurring populations.
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    Item type:Publication,
    The fir as a destructor of the forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia
    (Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi, 2012)
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    In the last 20-30 years in the forests in the Republic of Macedonia has been noted increasing presence of the fir. There are a number of factors that condition the spread of the fir, mainly the higher protection from the harmful effects of the anthropo-zoogenic factor, and changes in the environmental conditions. The spread of the fir is most intense in the zone of the beech forest region, but expansion is observed in the higher oak regions, too. This occurrence is a result of two main reasons: i) spread of the fir regarding natural regeneration; ii) spread of the fir by sowing fir seed in the beech and oak forest communities. The fir as a shade-tolerant species is the one which can survive and thrive as an understory of beech forests and it is capable to have a long time to rest awaiting the favourable moment for expansion in height. In the struggle for light in natural successive processes the fir manages to overcome the beech, which is confirmed by the fact that in high density beech forests the fir’s offspring successfully adapt to site conditions. Thus, it is evident the phytocoenological destructing role of the fir particularly in the beech forest communities in the Republic of Macedonia. In addition, the plant diversity in pure fir forests is poorer then in mixed fir forests. Confirmation of this finding are the data obtained from the management plans which shows the changing of the structure of the forests by composition and volume in favour of the fir.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Ревитализација на опожарени шумски екосистеми преку природно обновување
    (Македонско еколошко друштво, 2013)
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    Шумските екосистеми се еден од најзначајните столбови на растителниот и животинскиот биодиверзитет, но нивната стабилност и одржливост често пати е загрозувана од различни биотски, антропогени или абиотски фактори. Во одредени случаи настанува и до целосно уништување на одреден шумски екосистем. Во таквите случаи многу чест и многу сериозен причинител се шумските пожари, кои за кусо време опожаруваат големи шумски површини и значително го нарушуваат или целосно уништуваат шумскиот екосистем. Сепак, способноста за природно обновување како карактеристика на шумската дендрофлора е значаен фактор за повторно воспоставување на шумска вегетација на опожарените шумски површини и целосна ревитализација на шумскиот екосистем. Целта на овој труд е да се утврдат основите природни сукцесивни процеси на шумската дрвенеста вегетација кои се појавуваат некоку години по силен шумски пожар од кој целосно е уништен шумскиот екосистем. Со проучувањето на појавата, развитокот, квалитативните и квантитативни карактеристики на единките од природната обнова се добиени податоци за можноста и успешноста на ревитализацијата на опожарениот шумски екосситем. За таа цел извршени се теренски истражувања преку директни мерења и проучувања на природната обнова со методот на пробни површини. Добиените резултати укажуваат на тоа дека опожарената шумска површина постепено се ревитализира, првенствено со пионерски видови од шумската дендрофлора, но за целосна ревитализација на шумскиот екосистем е потребен долг временски период. The forest ecosystems are one of the most important foundations of the biological diversity concerning flora and fauna, but forest’s natural balance and sustainability are often on impact and influence by wide spectra of biotic, anthropogenic or abiotic factors. In specific circumstances, some of the forest ecosystems can be totally destroyed. Namely, the wildfires, in particular forest fires can cause enormous consequences and devastating impact on forest ecosystems; for short period of time forest fires can burn large forest mass and make the forest ecosystem an erasure. Even so, the forest vegetation has a very important and essential ability- the dendrofloral capacity for natural regeneration, both vegetative and by seed, and for a period of time to re-establish and implicitly rehabilitate, i.e. to grew up and become a forest as it once was. The main purpose of this scientific paper is to determine and note the basic natural succession processes of the forest dynamics after forest fire, particularly the natural regeneration of the forest woody species. Thus, determination of the appearance, development, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the individuals in a natural regeneration process were made and the data base was analyzed to see the possibility and efficiency of the rehabilitation of the burned forest ecosystem. Therefore, field examinations were made using direct measurements and research of the presence of the natural regeneration; the method of the sample plats was used. The results indicate that burned forest area gradually and progressively regenerates, primarily with pioneer species of the forest dendroflora. After all, for complete rehabilitation of the forest ecosystem there is a need of a long period of time; eventually, the forest regenerates slowly, but assuredly.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Forest associations of the National Park Mavrovo in the Republic of Macedonia
    (Editura Universitătii Ştefan cel Mare Suceava, 2012)
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    In this scientific paper are observed data related to research conducted of the phytocoenological characteristics of the territory of the National Park Mavrovo in the Republic of Macedonia. Therefore, visited and explored were the mountain massifs: Shar Planina, Korab and Bistra. Within the completed surveys, the standard phytocoenological method of Braun-Blanquet was used. On the teritory of the Park, authors noted and identified 28 forest communities (19% of the 148 identified plant communities in the Republic of Macedonia), i.e. 4 coastal floodplain (riparian) forest communities, 18 typical forest communities and 6 degraded-coppice forests. Coppice forests until now have not been guided in the literature. Also were disclosed forests with virgin forest’s character. In addition to natural forest communities, listed are artificial forest stands. Likewise, were discovered new data of certain phytocoenological phenomena, as in the Park, and in Macedonia. New insights arising from this research are particularly important, taking into account the rapid progress of studies on vegetation in Europe (creating ecological networks) and thus solve the important forest ecosystem problems. Extensive scientific work will undoubtedly lead to the creation of a solid and relevant base of phytocoenological data that will provide the conditions for protection of significant forest communities in the Park and thus in Macedonia.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Planning of urban green areas of Štip
    (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Forestry in Skopje, 2013-12)
    Despot, Katerina
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    Sandeva, Vaska
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    The setup structure of functions for holiday and recreation in spare time of the citizens is a great worth. The needs of the urban population for rest and recreation are becoming larger, thus increasing the need for design and planning of green spaces (parks, gardens, etc.) not only in cities but also in their immediate environment. In many cities around the world for centuries been paid great attention to this area. In this paper we try to present the main processes in the planning of urban recreational areas of emphasis of the Municipality of Štip.