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    Item type:Publication,
    Prioritizing Plants around the Cross-Border Area of Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia: Integrated Conservation Actions and Sustainable Exploitation Potential
    (MDPI AG, 2022-07-16)
    Krigas, Nikos
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    Karapatzak, Eleftherios
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    Panagiotidou, Marina
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    Sarropoulou, Virginia
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    Samartza, Ioulietta
    <jats:p>Plants know no political borders and some of them are restricted to small geographical territories of different countries in which they are endemic. In this study, we prioritized plants (PPs) of the cross-border area of Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia that are already threatened or nearly so (PPA), those which occur exclusively on either side of borderline and/or nearby countries (PPB), or those which are uncommon and rare in this region (PPC) with the aim to document in-situ the species-specific risks-threats; offer ex-situ conservation for them as a back-up solution for future re-introductions and sustainable exploitation; and raise public awareness and alertness about the importance of local biodiversity. In the framework of the project Conse-pp, 20 botanical expeditions were performed in 75 selected areas to collect samples and suitable propagation material from 130 PPs (147 accession numbers), also recording all types of threats-identified in-situ for each of them. No ex-situ conservation was detected for 40 PPs worldwide while for another 12 PPs only limited attempts have been made to date. The fully documented PPs are currently maintained under ex- situ conservation and acclimatization in the Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia (BBGK). In total, 156 propagation trials (sexual or asexual) have been made for these PPs to develop species-specific propagation protocols. Consequently, the production of new plant stocks raised ex-situ was achieved (n = 3254 individuals; first-time ex-situ conservation for 40 taxa), and this has enabled the establishment of three awareness-raising sites with PPs: (i) 1000 plants of 70 PPs in the newly designed Kardia Botanical Park in Thermi (Greece); (ii) 850 plants of 104 PPs in the phytodiversity awareness spot in BBGK and 130 individual PPs in the Garden of Environmental Awareness; and (iii) 42 plants of 14 PP taxa delivered to the botanic garden of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje. This project outlines the necessity of the development of common plant conservation strategies for threatened plants in cross-border areas of neighboring countries and presents an integrated approach allowing for sustainable development and future in-situ protection measures and actions in the studied cross-border area.</jats:p>
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Prioritizing Plants around the Cross-Border Area of Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia: Integrated Conservation Actions and Sustainable Exploitation Potential
    (MDPI AG, 2022-07-16)
    Krigas, Nikos
    ;
    Karapatzak, Eleftherios
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    Panagiotidou, Marina
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    Sarropoulou, Virginia
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    Samartza, Ioulietta
    Plants know no political borders and some of them are restricted to small geographical territories of different countries in which they are endemic. In this study, we prioritized plants (PPs) of the cross-border area of Greece and the Republic of North Macedonia that are already threatened or nearly so (PPA), those which occur exclusively on either side of borderline and/or nearby countries (PPB), or those which are uncommon and rare in this region (PPC) with the aim to document in-situ the species-specific risks-threats; offer ex-situ conservation for them as a back-up solution for future re-introductions and sustainable exploitation; and raise public awareness and alertness about the importance of local biodiversity. In the framework of the project Conse-pp, 20 botanical expeditions were performed in 75 selected areas to collect samples and suitable propagation material from 130 PPs (147 accession numbers), also recording all types of threats-identified in-situ for each of them. No ex-situ conservation was detected for 40 PPs worldwide while for another 12 PPs only limited attempts have been made to date. The fully documented PPs are currently maintained under ex- situ conservation and acclimatization in the Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia (BBGK). In total, 156 propagation trials (sexual or asexual) have been made for these PPs to develop species-specific propagation protocols. Consequently, the production of new plant stocks raised ex-situ was achieved (n = 3254 individuals; first-time ex-situ conservation for 40 taxa), and this has enabled the establishment of three awareness-raising sites with PPs: (i) 1000 plants of 70 PPs in the newly designed Kardia Botanical Park in Thermi (Greece); (ii) 850 plants of 104 PPs in the phytodiversity awareness spot in BBGK and 130 individual PPs in the Garden of Environmental Awareness; and (iii) 42 plants of 14 PP taxa delivered to the botanic garden of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje. This project outlines the necessity of the development of common plant conservation strategies for threatened plants in cross-border areas of neighboring countries and presents an integrated approach allowing for sustainable development and future in-situ protection measures and actions in the studied cross-border area.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Linear Greenery in Urban Areas and Green Corridors Case Study: Blvd. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh, Skopje, North Macedonia
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2022-12-07)
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    Čukanović, Jelena
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    Orlović, Saša
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    Increasing population, expansion of urban areas and rapid urbanization are the main causes of losing green spaces, which results in many environmental problems and threatens the quality of urban life. Urban green spaces are of great importance and urban planning issues nowadays gain increasing popularity. It is realized that biological methodologies need to be used in urban planning, otherwise the quality of life will be more threatened. In order to discover the meaning and importance of green corridors in urban areas, a literature review was undertaken. Boulevards, as green corridors, are very important linear parts in the structures of dense modern cities. If planned and designed properly, they mitigate the negative effects of densely built urban environment. Green corridors provide numerous environmental benefits, they are an essential factor of sustainability and have a significant impact on biodiversity. Green corridors also provide social benefits, by enhancing well-being through contact with nature. They decrease health problems and improve the quality of life. The importance of urban green corridors was observed and presented on the example of Blvd. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh, which form an important ecological network in the northern part of Skopje, North Macedonia. The emphasis is on planning, designing and improving green corridors in urban areas like Skopje. Although these two boulevards are well designed as green corridors, with preserved old line greenery, planted with many different plant species (trees, shrubs, perennials), covered by grass, with bicycle and pedestrian paths, there is still potential for improvement. Linear parks on both sides of the new part of the Blvd. Hristijan Todorovski Karposh would be a great idea.
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    Item type:Publication,
    EXPLOITING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF FRUIT TREE WILD DIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (FRUITDIV PROJECT)
    (Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food - Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025-10-08)
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    The domestication of fruit trees has resulted in a significant genetic bottleneck, limiting the resilience of modern cultivars to abiotic and biotic stresses driven by climate change. Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) of major pome (apple, pear) and stone (cherry, plum, etc.) fruits represent a critical, yet underutilized, reservoir of genetic diversity for traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The FRUITDIV project, a 5-year Horizon Europe initiative (2024-2028), aims to systematically monitor, characterize, use, and conserve the diversity of fruit tree CWR to enhance the sustainability and climate resilience of European fruit production. A multidisciplinary consortium of 27 partners from 14 countries employs an integrated approach across six core research work packages. This includes: (1) creating a comprehensive CWR inventory; (2) advanced genotypic and ex-situ phenotypic characterization; (3) developing multi-omics resources for data analysis and sharing; and (4) using these data to strategically introduce CWR alleles into pre-breeding programs. FRUITDIV will generate and make publicly available a suite of resources, including a detailed CWR knowledge base, genomic datasets, phenotyping data on valuable agronomic traits, and novel pre-breeding plant materials. The project will also deliver frameworks for the sustainable conservation and economic valuation of CWR genetic resources. By bridging the gap between conservation and breeding, FRUITDIV will unlock the genetic potential of wild fruit species. The project's outputs are designed to provide breeders and farmers with the tools and genetic material needed to develop robust fruit varieties, ensuring the long-term productivity and sustainability of European agriculture.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Enhancing the Environmental Impact of Roundabouts as a part of Urban Green Infrastructure: A Case Study of Skopje , North Macedonia
    (Forest Research Institute – BAS, 2023-10-19)
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    Urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of urban life by incorporating diverse green areas. Roundabouts, as integral elements of urban landscapes, have gained global popularity in recent decades due to their traffic management benefits. However, their potential to improve environmental quality is now receiving increasing attention. This paper examines the environmental impact of six roundabouts in Skopje, North Macedonia, located across different parts of the city. It highlights the significance of these roundabouts as green spaces within the urban green infrastructure network and evaluates their landscape design and constituent elements. All six roundabouts studied are integrated into the urban green infrastructure network, contributing approximately 7000 m² of green area. While grass cover is present in all of them, three roundabouts incorporate low vegetation, and the remaining three feature a combination of low and high vegetation. However, the prevalent excessive use of unsustainable annual flowering plants poses economic challenges. In addition, inadequate maintenance practices and poor plant selection, lacking resistance to harmful automotive emissions, have resulted in suboptimal conditions for many plants. Recommendations are given to optimise the functionality, sustainability, and biodiversity of roundabouts while maintaining aesthetic appeal. By adopting a strategic and holistic approach, urban planners can enhance the environmental impact of roundabouts, ensuring their integration into a cohesive and resilient urban green infrastructure network.
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    Item type:Publication,
    The Importance of Urban Planning and Landscape Design in the Process of Creating ‘Great Places’ for Citizens - Case study of Park Macedonia 1
    (SEEFOR, 2025-08-28)
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    Čukanović, Jelena
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    Orlović, Saša
    Creating places where urban life is better and of a higher quality is one of the main tasks of the modern society. These places are called ‘great places’ and urban parks have all the predispositions to be one of them. Due to the functions they perform, they are a necessary part of every city. Urban planning and landscape design are very important in the process of creating ‘great places’ for citizens. With their proper use, successful green spaces are created, which are functional and aesthetic at the same time. This is especially important since green areas in the urban environment are becoming less numerous. The subject of analysis in this paper is urban planning and landscape design through the example of Park Macedonia 1 in Skopje, North Macedonia. The park is analysed from different aspects (functionality, safety, plant species selection, layout of the plants and the use of basic principles of landscape design) to determine if this place is a ‘great place’, i.e. whether this place at the same time functional and aesthetic. The results show that Park Macedonia 1 is a ‘great place’; however, there are some gaps in its urban planning and landscape design. These gaps are reflected in the safety of the visitors and the functionality of the park, made in the process of plant species selection and landscape designing of the park, i.e. entrances and exits, layout of plants, incorrect use of focal points, and simplicity, rhythm and line as basic principles of landscape design. Analyses of Park Macedonia 1 in terms of urban planning and landscape design and the proposals for corrections can be used in the future design of ‘great places’ in urban areas like Skopje.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Urban hedges – an important green element in the system of landscape design
    (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 2022-06-15)
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    Dimitrova, Anastazija
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    Čukanović, Jelena
    Urban hedges as a green element of landscape design are very important due to their aesthetic and functional value. As dense greenery in a small space together with vertical gardens and green roofs, hedges can play a significant role in providing urban areas with efficient green infrastructure. This research aims to inventory and analyse hedges in terms of species composition, types of hedges according to shaping (formed: low or symbolic, medium-high, high and free-growing) and their condition in terms of decoration and functionality. Their condition is defined in 4 categories: excellent, good, bad and very bad. Two different locations are a part of this research: the settlement of Taftalidze 1 and the residential complex ‘Sveti Jovan’ in Zlokukjani, both located in the municipality of Karpos, in the city of Skopje, North Macedonia. While the entire territory of the second location is a part of this research, only private houses at the first location are involved. The presence of hedges around private houses in Taftalidze 1 is 72,9 %. Of a total of 443 private yards, 323 are with hedges. Their species composition is quite rich and it consists of 25 different taxa. Most of them, 285 are formed medium-high. Only low or symbolic formed hedges are not present at all. The most common species is Ligustrum vulgare L. 30 % of all are in very bad condition, 28,2 % in bad, 37,2 % in good and only 4,6 % are in excellent condition. In the residential complex, 'Sveti Jovan' 21 different taxa are used for creating hedges. The most common species are Hedera helix L. and Pyracantha ‘Orange Glow’. There are hedges of all types. Almost all are in excellent condition. The results show that hedges in the urban landscape design are a commonly used green element. Their type, function and condition depend on many different factors (location, the purpose they are planted for, species composition). All results are a great base for additional analyses related to the opportunity and impact of hedges in providing certain benefits in support of ecosystem services provision. From the aspect of landscape design, this research can help combine the ecological and social dimensions of urban hedges for analytical and planning purposes.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Diversity of woody plants in urban parks of Skopje, North Macedonia
    (Hrvatsko Sumarsko Drustvo, 2025-10-01)
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    Orlović, Saša
    <jats:p>Urban parks are crucial components of a city’s green infrastructure, offering significant benefits from both social and environmental perspectives. They provide many ecosystem services and play a key role in maintaining, preserving, and enhancing urban biodiversity. This paper analyses the woody plant diversity in three urban parks in Skopje, North Macedonia. The research identified 90 different woody plant taxa in the analyzed parks, belonging to 42 genera and 23 families. The parks have a significantly higher number of non-native taxa compared to the native ones, as well as a significantly higher number of deciduous taxa compared to evergreen taxa. Although non-native species dominate to a great extent over the native ones, there is no threat from invasive plant species in the researched parks. Furthermore, the analyses included the calculation of biodiversity indices (alpha indices: Shannon, Simpson, and Berger-Parker, and also Sørensen beta index). The results showed that none of the parks are highly significant from a biodiversity perspective. The alpha indices indicate a low to moderate biodiversity in the studied North Macedonian urban parks. On the other hand, the Sørensen beta index indicated a more positive view, emphasizing the lack of significant similarity among the studied urban parks. Nevertheless, there is a clear need to enhance the biodiversity of woody plants in urban parks in Skopje. Integrating biodiversity considerations into the process of planning, landscape design of urban parks, and their maintenance is crucial. Establishing biodiversity monitoring as a standard practice will be essential for understanding the real situation in urban parks and enabling timely interventions.</jats:p>
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    Item type:Publication,
    ECO-ROUNDABOUTS: ASSESSING AND AMPLIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS IN SKOPJE’S URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
    (НАУКА ЗА ГОРАТА, 2024)
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    Within the context of Skopje’s urban green infrastructure, this paper investigates the environmental contributions of six strategically positioned roundabouts, called Eco-roundabouts. Emphasizing their pivotal role within the urban green infrastructure network, the study evaluates landscape design, constituent elements and the collective impact on approximately 7000 m² of green space. All roundabouts integrate grass cover, three of them include low vegetation and the remaining three have a combination of low and high vegetation. Noteworthy is the prevalent use of unsustainable annual flowering plants, presenting economic challenges. Ineffectual maintenance practices and plants exposure to automotive emissions further compromise optimal conditions for proper growth. The paper offers recommendations to optimize functionality, sustainability and biodiversity, addressing economic concerns and enhancing aesthetic appeal. The study advocates for a strategic and holistic approach, offering guidance to urban planners and landscape designers in maximizing the environmental benefits of Eco-roundabouts, providing their seamless integration into Skopje’s resilient urban green infrastructure network.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Correct planning and proper landscape design - key to quality urban life Case Study: Macedonia Park, Skopje, North Macedonia
    (Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, 2022-06-15)
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    Čukanović Jelena
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    With the modernization of urban areas, green spaces are reduced, and the importance of the existing ones is rapidly increasing. The point is not just to have open green spaces in the cities but to have multifunctional and multipurpose parks. Whether a green place is successful depends on urban planning and landscape design. The correct planning and the proper landscape design of urban parks are key to quality urban life. The subject of analysis in this research is the planning and landscape design of the first part of Macedonia Park in Skopje, North Macedonia. The goal is to determine whether this area is functional and aesthetically beautiful at the same time. The analysis addresses several different aspects (its functionality, depending on the elements it contains; the safety of its visitors; plant species selection and the layout of the plants related to the functionality and the aesthetic appearance of the park). The results show that Macedonia Park (First part) is a multifunctional and multipurpose green area. Even though there are parts with different elements in the park which satisfy visitors with different interests of all ages, some mistakes or failures made in its planning and landscape designing are noticeable. Some of them refer to the safety of the visitors, some of the plant species selection and the others on the layout of the plants related to the functionality of the park. Also, there are errors in using some of the basic principles of landscape design, such as focalization, simplicity and rhythm and line. The aspects taken into consideration in the analysis in this paper include the potentialities and challenges of planning, designing and improving city parks in urban areas like Skopje.