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    ПЕРИУРЕТЕРАЛНА ЕНДОМЕТРИОЗА – ПРИКАЗ НА СЛУЧАЈ
    (SHMSHM - AAMD, 2022-09-01)
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    Целта на овој труд е да се прикаже редок случај на периуретерална ендометриоза кај возрасен пациент и да се нагласи важноста на сомнителната уринарна ендометриоза и важната улога на компјутер на мала карлица во поставувањето на точна дијагноза на оваа ретка болест. Презентираме редок случај на периуретерална ендометриоза со симптоми кои првенствено произлегуваат од ендометриоза на јајниците. Дијагнозата на периуретерална ендометриоза беше поставена врз основа на компјутеризирана томографија на малата карлица и абдоменот. Клучни зборови: ендометриоза, компјутер на мала карлица, периуретерална ендометриоза.
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    Heterotopic pregnancy
    (JCMICR, 2022-05)
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    Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as a condition when intrauterine and extra uterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. It is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate and accurate diagnostics and treatment. It is difficult to diagnose and easily missed. The incidence in the general population is estimated to be 1 in 30,000. With the advent of Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) and ovulation induction, the overall incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has risen to approximately 1 in 3,900 pregnancies. Other risk factors include a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal damage, pelvic surgery, uterine Mullerian abnormalities, and prior tubal surgery. Heterotopic pregnancy is a potentially fatal condition, rarely occurring in natural conception cycles. Most commonly, heterotopic pregnancy is diagnosed at the time of rupture when surgical management is required. We present a case of a 30-year-old secondi gravida with history of one spontaneous abortion and pelvic inflammatory disease, who conceived spontaneously and at her fifth week of amenorrhea, was presented to the emergency department with acute pain in lower abdomen, moderate vaginal bleeding and weakness. Laboratory tests and transvaginal ultrasonography revealed the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy.
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    The Connection of the Level of Estradiol in Serum and Obesity with the Endometrial Bleeding in Postmenopausal Women
    (Scientific Foundation Spiroski, 2019-01-13)
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    Krstevska, Maria
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    BACKGROUND: Postmenopausis is a period that begins one year after the last menstrual period. Abnormal uterine bleeding could be of different origins. AIM: This study aimed to determine the association of serum estrogen hormone levels and obesity with the occurrence of endometrial bleeding in post-menopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective clinical study involving 120 postmenopausal patients treated at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics-Skopje, divided into two groups: control and study. The control group consisted of 40 postmenopausal patients without endometrial bleeding, hospitalised and operated due to urogenital pathology. The study group consisted of 80 patients with endometrial bleeding who were divided into three subgroups according to the thickness of the endometrium: from 5-8 mm, 8-11 mm and above 11 mm. In all subjects, estradiol and BMI was determined. RESULTS: Estradiol levels were statistically higher in the study group compared to control while statistically significant difference among the three subgroups according to the thickness of the endometrium about the levels of estradiol in blood is not found. About BMI, the results showed that there was no statistical significance between the two examined groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with endometrial bleeding have increased levels of estradiol and are at increased risk of endometrial cancer about controls, the likelihood of endometrial cancer significantly increases by 1,108 times.</jats:p>
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    Periureteralna endometrioza - prikaz slučaja
    (Serbian Medical Society, 2022)
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    Jovchevski, Sasha
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    Cilj rada bio je da se prikaže redak slučaj periureteralne endometrioze kod odrasle pacijentkinje, i da se naglase značaj sumnje na endometriozu urinarnog trakta i važna uloga skenera male karlice u postavljanju tačne dijagnoze ove retke bolesti. Autori prikazuju redak slučaj periureteralne endometrioze sa simptomima koji prvenstveno potiču od endometrioze jajnika. Dijagnoza periureteralne endometrioze utvrđena je na osnovu skenera male karlice i abdomena.
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    Analysis of the Menstrual Cycle Variabilities of the Human Epididymis Protein 4
    (Faculties of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago and Cave Hill Campus, Barbados., 2016-07-26)
    Nikolova, T
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    Živadinović, R
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    Nikolova, N
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    Evtimovska, N
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    Pavlovski, B
    Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) serum levels in women with benign ovarian diseases. A prospective study was done at the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Skopje. Ninety-four patients divided into two groups: 37 patients with ovarian endometriosis and 57 patients with the “other benign pelvic masses” were included in the study. After the ultrasound finding of a pelvic mass with a possible ovarian origin, all the patients were serum sampled for HE4 and carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA125). All the cases underwent surgical removal of the mass with subsequent histologic evaluation which was referent for the group classification. There were no significant differences in the HE4 in the blood levels between the follicular (FP) and the luteal phases (LP) in the patients with ovarian endometriosis (t35 = 0.147, p = 0.884) and the “other benign pelvic masses” (U = 424.5, p = 0.730). There were no significant differences in the HE4 serum levels in the follicular phase between the two groups (U = 222.0, p = 0.266) and in the luteal phase. The difference in the HE4 serum levels between the two groups (Mdn 40.20 vs 35.50 pmol/L), U = 469.5, p = 0.048, was statically significant. Hence, HE4 is a robust biochemical marker and could be tested irrespective of the variations in the menstrual cycle
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    The Connection between the Endometrial Thickness and the Risk of Endometrial Malignancy in Postmenopausal Women
    (Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI, 2019-07-26)
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    Background: Postmenopausis is a period that starts one year after the last menstruation. Late menopause, after 70 years, is called senile. Aim: To examine the correlation between endometrial thickness and the risk of endometrial malignancy in postmenopausal. Material and methods: Prospective clinical study involving 120 postmenopausal patients treated at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics - Skopje, divided into two groups: control and examination. The control group included 40 postmenopausal patients, hospitalised and operated due to urogenital pathology. The examined group consisted of 80 patients divided into three subgroups according to the ultrasound verified thickness of the endometrium: from 5-8 mm; > 8-11 mm and above 11 mm. A detailed history and intervention were taken in the patients from both groups, and the material was sent for histopathological analysis to determine eventual malignancy. Results: The probability of endometrial malignancy significantly increased by 1.012 times in the group with a thickness of the endometrium from 5-8 mm, 1.769 times in the endometrial thickness group > 8-11 mm and 4.737-fold in the group over 11 mm compared to the control group. Conclusion: In postmenopausal patients, the likelihood of endometrial cancer significantly increases with the thickness of the endometrium.
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    Korelacioni mes rashësisë së endometriumit dhe qasjes patohistolog jike te pacientet në postemnopauzë
    (SHMSHM / AAMD, 2017-10)
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    Aim of the study was to trial to investigate the validity of the detected ultrasonic thickness of the endometrium in the prediction of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal patients with and without uterine bleeding, confirmed by histopathological analysis of material obtained by exploratory curettage of the endometrium. Material and Methods: This study included 120 patients recruited in post-menopausal age of the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Skopje, who were divided into two groups. Test group included 80 patients with postmenopausal detected ultrasonic endometrial thickness greater than or equal to 5mm. They were divided into two subgroups - subgroup A: Patients with uterine bleeding (40 patients) and subgroup B: patients without uterine bleeding (40 patients), which were divided based on ultrasound endometrial thickness of endometrium of 5-8mm; from 8-11mm; more than 11mm. The control group included 40 postmenopausal patients hospitalised because urogynecological pathology with previous ultrasound detected endometrial thickness of less than 5mm and orderly histopathological findings derived from material in exploratory curettage of endometrium. In each patient detailed history was taken and curettage exploratory fractionated and material was send to histopathological analysis. Results. The thickness of the endometrium is endometrial significant predictor of malignancy (p <0,05). With each millimeter increase in endometrium significantly increases the likelihood of endometrial malignancy of 1,178 [p = 0,002, 95% CI = 1,065-1,304] times. Conclusion: In postmenopausal patients likelihood of endometrial cancer significantly increases by 1,178 times.
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    LIPOLEIOMYOMA UTERI IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMAN
    (SHMSHM - AAMD, 2025-09-09)
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    Micevska, Megi
    Lipoleiomyomas are uncommon benign neoplasms of uterus and are considered to be a variant of uterine myomas. Their reported incidence varies from 0.03 to 0.2%. Lipoleiomyoma consists of variable proportion of mature lipocytes and smooth muscle cells. These tumors generally occur in asymptomatic obese perimenopausal or menopausal women. We report this case of uterine lipoleiomyoma because of its rarity. USMT (uterine smooth muscle tumors) are divided into 5 groups according to WHO tumor classification system 2020.The most commonly used detection methods is ultrasound examination.
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    DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE IN DISTINGUISHING BENIGN FROM RARE MALIGNANT UTERINE PATHOLOGY – A CASE REPORT OF A MYXOID LEIOMYOSARCOMA
    (SHMSHM - AAMD, 2023)
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    Gjoreski, Josif
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    Biljan, Aleksandra
    Leiomyosarcomas are rare aggressive soft tissue tumors, which account for 1 to 2% of all uterine malignancies. Due to their infrequency, as well as the difficulty to distinguish them from leiomyomas, the diagnosis is often made postoperatively. We report a case of a 38-year-old patient who was treated at the University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology – Skopje for an enlarging uterine fibroid, for which she had undergone a myomectomy. The histopathology report showed that it was a case of a myxoid leiomyosarcoma, FIGO Stage IB, involving margins. She was admitted for a reoperation which consisted of a total hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, selective lymphadenectomy and staging. The final postoperative clinical stage was FIGO IB. Leiomyosarcomas are generally less responsive to chemotherapy or radiation, most often have a poor prognosis and a high risk of recurrence. Surgery is the most significant treatment modality. The prognosis primarily depends on the FIGO stage, as the most important independent variable associated with survival.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERSISTENT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND STRESS AT THE WORKPLACE
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2025-04)
    Micevska, Megi
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    Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. While most genital HPV infections regress spontaneously, some persist and can progress to cervical cancer. The biological susceptibility to acquire HPV and the immunological capacity to eliminate the infection are influenced by various factors, including occupational roles, work-related stress, and burnout syndrome. Materials and methods: In our study, relevant data were collected from 71 patients, 38 of whom had documented persistent HPV infections, while 33 patients were included in the study as a control group. Among those with persistent HPV infections, HPV 16 was the most common type, followed by HPV 31 and HPV 52. Results: Job demands were assessed using the Job Demands Questionnaire. The burnout syndrome was evaluated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Job resources were investigated using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire and the English version of the Questionnaire sur les Ressources et Contraintes Professionnelles. Conclusion: Preliminary data analysis revealed significantly higher levels of stress factors in the group of patients with persistent HPV infections compared to the control group. The insights gained from assessing the impact of workplace stress on HPV infection progression will help formulate recommendations to promote the health of the working population.