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    METHODS USED IN DETERMINING THE AGE OF BRUISES
    (SHMSHM - AAMD, 2015)
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    Bruises are common skin lesions that can be found in persons died a violent death and therefore have a forensic significance. In practice there are cases of violent death when it is difficult to determine with certainty the age of the bruises. But according to the biological processes associated with the reparation of the bruises, we could get reliable information about their age. Common methods for determining the age of the bruises, such as observation, colorimetry, spectrophotometry and patho-histological analysis are presented in this review paper. Determination of the age of bruises according to their color is a method used by most experts in the initial analysis. The observation of the yellow color, not brown or orange, points out a bruise that is not fresh. However, the possibility of visual observation is limited by the morphology and physiology of the human eye. Spectrophotometric analysis of data can offer useful and objective information. Histological analysis is suitable as a method only in post-mortem examinations. In this field of work there is a lack of published information on the histological analysis about the aging of bruises, which restricts the information for more precise determination of their age
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    HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN APOLIPOPROTEIN E DEFICIENT FEMALE MICE AFTER LEVOTHYROXINE APPLICATION
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2014)
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    Gerasimovska, Zorica
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    The aim of this study was to determine the histological characteristics of the thyroid gland in ApoE KO-/-mice following the application of levothyroxine (l-thyroxine). A total of 12 female ApoE KO-/- mice were divided into two groups. A control group of mice received distilled water and the experimental group received l-thyroxine dissolved in drinking water at a daily dose of 2 µg/ml, over 12 weeks. The paraffin sections were processed with the usual hae- matoxilin-eosin technique of staining. Qualitative histological analysis demonstrated: the presence of large distended follicles in the peripheral areas of the gland; fulfillment of the lumen of follicles with an ample amount of colloid; complete absence of resorptive vacuoles in the colloid; a flattened follicullar epithelium. Morpho- metric assessment showed a significant increase in the diameters of follicles in the peripheral areas of the gland and a significant decrease in the height of the follicullar epithelium (p < 0,001). Our results demonstrated that l-thyroxine causes characteristic morphological changes in the struc ture of the thyroid gland in the direction of the occurrence of hyperthyroidism.
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    Correlation Between Microvessel Density and Morphological Features in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH/Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2017-03-01)
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    Abnormal angiogenesis is described in tumor growth and it facilitates its metastatic spread. Tumors with high angiogenic activity belong to the category of aggressive tumors with poor prognosis for patients. The aim of this study was to determine the blood vessels density (BVD), i.e. neovascularization at the tumor invasive front in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to determine its possible role in the tumor progression, and to correlate it to the blood vessels density of healthy skin and with the prognostic parameters of the TNM classification: T status, depth of tumor invasion (DI) and tumor histological grade (G), which were also correlated between each other.
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    Determination of the density of neovascularization in invasive front in skin squamous cell carcinoma, with varying degrees of histological differentiation
    (Turkish Society of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy (TSACA), 2015)
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    Introduction: Angiogenesis is a process of formation of new blood vessels from the existing normal capillaries. Tumors with higher angiogenesis activity belong to the category of very aggressive tumors. Aim of this paper is determination of the density of the blood vessels, i.e. neovascularization in the invasive front of the tumor stroma in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in relation to the healthy skin and the ratio of the density of the blood vessels in the skin SCC with a different degree of histological differentiation. Methods: The material is consisted of operational materials from 30 patients with skin SCC. Neoplasms were classified according to the degree of histological differentiation (G). Histological sections of the invasive front of the neoplasms, the tumor tissue and the surrounding healthy skin were stained immunohistochemically using specific primary monoclonal antibodies SMA and CD34 and analyzed by light microscopy. The density of the blood vessels in the skin SCC in relation to the dermis of the healthy skin was determined, and the density of the blood vessels in neoplasms in relation to the degree of histological differentiation(G). Results: The histological analysis has shown high statistical difference in the density of the blood vessels in the invasive front of skin SCC compared to the healthy skin (Mann-Whitney U, p=0.0000001). The difference found in the density of neovascularization in the neoplasms with different degree of differentiation (G1, G2, G3) is statistically significant for (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.0003). Conclusion: The density of the neovascularization changes considerably compared to the healthy skin. Depending on the degree of histological differentiation of the neoplasms, the found differences in the density of the blood vessels are statistically significant and there is positive correlation between them. The increase of vascularity in the invasive front of the neoplasm in a higher grade cancers suggest about its possible role in the progression of neoplasm.