Trajkovski, Vladimir
Preferred name
Trajkovski, Vladimir
Official Name
Trajkovski, Vladimir
Translated Name
Трајковски, Владимир
Alternative Name
Трајковски Е., Владимир
Main Affiliation
Email
vladotra@fzf.ukim.edu.mk
vladotra@yahoo.com
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
16556757900
Researcher ID
I-4948-2012
120 results
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Item type:Publication, Имуногенетски анализи кај лица со аутизам во Република Македонија(Faculty of Philosophy, UKIM, Skopje, Macedonia, 2002)Аутизмот претставува широк континуум на поврзани когнитивни и невробихејвиорални нарушувања, вклучувајќи три карактеристики: нарушувања во социјализацијата, нарушувања во вербалната и невербалната комуникација и рестриктивни и репетитивни шеми на однесување. Цели во оваа докторска дисертација се: анализирање на демографската структура на лицата со аутизам, креирање база на податоци за лицата со аутизам, ХЛА-ДНК типизација на лицата со аутизам и нивните семејства, одредување на нивото на имуноглобулински класи и поткласи во серумот и испитување на специфични алергични противтела. Во периодот од април 2000 до април 2002 година беа анализирани 39 лица со аутизам, од кои крв беше земена од 35 лица, и од 22 нивни браќа/сестри, 27 мајки, 23 татковци, како и од 98 здрави роднински неповрзани лица (контролна група). Истражувањето претставува ретроспективна студија. Во обработката на пациентите употребен е епидемиолошко-имунолошкиот метод на работа. Имуногенетските и имунолошките анализи беа организирани и спроведени во лабораториите на Институтот за имунобиологија и хумана генетика при Медицинскиот факултет во Скопје. Беше земена по 10 мл крв со помош на стандардна венепункција во вакутејнери со ЕДТА (К3), а во времето на земање на крвта ниту едно од лицата со аутизам не земаше лекови или антипсихотици. Плазма примероците беа одвоени со центрифугирање на крвта и замрзнати на -200C се додека не беа започнати анализите. ХЛА-ДНК типизацијата е направена со високо резолутивните техники: RLS (Reverese Line Strip) за класа I гените, и SBT (Sequencing-based Typing) за класа II гените. Серумските имуноглобулински класи и поткласи се определени имунонефелометриски на автоматизиран Dade-Behring Nephelometer Analyzer. Серумските специфични алергени од храната се определувани со автоматскиот имунофлуоресцентен апарат со цврста фаза Pharmacia UniCAP 100. Статистичката анализа е направена со: дескриптивно статистички мерки како што се средна вредност, медијана, стандардна девијација и проценти на структура. Разликите меѓу нумеричките варијабли се анализирани со Student-ов т-тест. Непараметриските тестови на Колмогоров-Смирнов, Mann-Whitney Kruskal-Wallis-овиот тест беа користени при асиметрична статистичка дистрибуција. Со анализа на добиените резултати се заклучи дека преваленцијата на аутизмот во РМ изнесува 0.25 лица на 10.000 жители и машкиот пол е 2.5 пати почесто застапен од женскиот. Болестите на мајката во тек на бременоста и патолошкиот тек на истата се ризик фактори за развој на синдромот (p = 0.04). Времетраењето на доењето и предвременото одбивање на мајчиното млеко се сигнификантно асоцирани со појавата на аутизмот (p < 0.01). Утврдено е дека повозрасните родители имаат поголема шанса да имаат дете со аутизам (p < 0.001). Имуногенетските анализи на лицата со аутизам покажаа дека ХЛА-Ц*03 (p=0.03) и ХЛА-ДРБ1*01 (p = 0.012) алелите се издвојуваат како асоцирачки фактори во појавата на аутизмот. Плазма концентрацијата на подкласата ИгГ4 имуноглобулини е сигнификантно покачена кај лицата со аутизам (p < 0.02). Плазма концентрацијата на ИгГ противтелата против алфа-лакталбуминот, бета-лактоглобулинот и казеинот е статистички значајно повисоко кај лицата со аутизам во однос на родителите (p < 0.001). Концентрација на ИгГ противтелата кон глијадинот кај лицата со аутизам беше статистички значајно повисока од таа на татковците и мајките (p < 0.04). Средната вредност на плазма концентрацијата на ИгА противтелата против бета лактглобулинот кај лицата со аутизам се покажа статистички значајно повисоко од нивните браќа и сестри (p < 0.05). Нивото на казеинските ИгА противтелата кај аутистичната група се покажа статистички значајно повисоко во однос на контролната група на татковци и мајки (p < 0.01) и браќа/сестри (p < 0.05). Нивото на специфични алергични ИгЕ противтела против казеинот и бета-лактоглобулинот во серумот на аутистичните пациенти беше сигнификантно повисоко отколку кај нивните браќа/сестри и нивните родители (p < 0.04). Титарот на вкупните ИгЕ противтела беше статистички значајно повисок кај лицата со аутизам за разлика од мајките (p<0.04), браќата и сестрите (p < 0.02). Детектирањето на асоцијацијата со двете ХЛА алели кај нашите лица со аутизам отвора нови димензии за натамошни истражувања во семејствата и евентуална примена на оваа методологија во генетскотото советување. Утврдените имунолошки и алерголошки нарушувања се само можност повеќе за спроведување на имунодијагностиката, имунотерапијата, како и започнување на третман со диета без алергенските продукти од храната во Република Македонија. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The News in Therapy of Autism(Faculty of Philosophy, UKIM, Skopje, Macedonia, 2004)There is no specifically marked medicine for the treatment of autism. A number of approaches have been used in evaluating the safety and efficiency of pharmacological treatments of both children and adults with autism. Two study parameters are particularly important, the presence of “blind” and control groups. The highest quality studies utilize equally “blind” and control procedures as well. They have to be performed at multiple sites with a large number of subjects. Research evaluating medicine proposed for treatment of autism, is on the increase. There is accelerated emphasis on medicine testing and better information on treatments should be more available than in the past. In this article, the following classes of medicine and therapies will be discussed: possible future medicine treatments - such as oxytocin, tetrahydrobiopterin and ampakines, hormone therapies, anti-yeast therapies, vitamin therapies, dimethylglycine, alpha lipoic acid and diet therapies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Генетска основа на Алцхајмеровата болест(Faculty of Philosophy, UKIM, Skopje, Macedonia, 2010)Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Neurodegeneration is estimated to start 20-30 years before clinical symptoms become apparent. The most common neuropathological feature of AD is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits that form plaques and cerebrovascular accumulations. AD is divided into familial and sporadic forms. AD is considered familial when more than one person in a family is affected, while sporadic refers to AD cases when no other cases have been seen in close family members. Almost all cases of sporadic AD are late-onset, while approximately 90% of familial AD is late-onset. Less than 10% of all AD cases are familial early-onset. Familial early-onset AD is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that inheritance of one mutant allele of APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 almost always results in development of the disease. The most well established genetic risk factor for development of sporadic late-onset AD is inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. More than 300 genetic polymorphisms have been involved with AD, demonstrating that this condition is polygenic and with a complex pattern of inheritance. Effort has been made to seek therapies that could reduce Aβ products by influencing APP processing. The most hopeful advance in the research for treatment of AD is the discovery of chemical compounds that show promise in reducing amyloid formation or reducing tau phosphorylation. There is still a long way between the huge amount of data gathered so far and the actual application toward the full understanding of AD, but the final goal is to develop precise tools for diagnosis and prognosis, creating new strategies for better treatments based on genetic profile. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Evaluation of the Language Communicational Skills of Persons With Broca’s Aphasia as a Concomitance from Cerebrovascular Insult(2011) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Генетски аспекти на сексуалната ориентација и хомосексуалноста(Филозофски факултет, Скопје, 2003)A person’s sexual orientation concerns his or her sexual desires and fantasies towards others in virtue of their sex (gender). However, a person’s sexual orientation is only the part of a person’s sexual interest generally. The last 20 years have seen an explosion in scientific research into the genetic, biological and psychological causes of homosexuality. This article critically surveys contemporary biological and genetic theories of the development of sexual orientations. To say that sexual orientation is biologically based is an ambiguous claim. There are various senses in which it is trivially true that sexual orientation is biological. Various studies suggest that sexual orientation runs in families. Such studies show that a same-sex sibling of a homosexual is more likely to be a homosexual than a same-sex sibling of a heterosexual is to be a homosexual, more simply, for example, the brother of a gay man is more likely to be gay than the brother of a straight man. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Early detection of developmental disorders in primary health care(2014); The aim of this paper is to analyze the ways of detecting developmental disorders in children in primary health care. We processed data from medical records of 2 634 children examined at Pediatric Dispensary, Military Hospital, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, during the 2000-2009 period. Children were born between 1990 and 2009. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the High Risk Registry and collected data on 211 588 visits. We also conducted unstructured interview with pediatricians. For statistical data analysis, we used chi-square test with the level of signifi cance of p<0.05. During the 2000-2009 period, developmental disorders were detected in 172 (6.5%) children, 112 male and 60 female. Most children (81.9%) had specifi c developmental disorders of speech and language. From all children, 272 (10.3%) had perinatal biological risk factors. Fifty-seven (21%) children with risk factors had developmental disorders. Our study showed that in most children, developmental disorders were detected after 24 months of age. Most children with developmental disorders were males. Because of the more intensive follow up, developmental disorders in children born with perinatal biological risk factors were detected earlier than in children born without these risk factors. Further studies could focus on the prevention of risk factors and developmental disorders. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Epidemiological aspects of developmental disorders in school aged children(2013); Multiple factors infl uence the discrepancy between the prevalence rates of developmental disorders worldwide. In addition to different prevalence rates of developmental disorders, there are differences in terminology and their classifi cation. The purpose of the research was to estimate the prevalence and gender distribution of developmental disorders and to calculate the number of children with developmental disorders and special educational needs in a convenience sample of school-age children. We also calculated the number of children with congenital malformations and diseases that affect vision and hearing. We processed the data from medical records of 1750 children (835 males and 915 females) who were examined in the Pediatric Dispensary, Military Hospital, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia during the period of June 30 1992 to June 30 2011. A descriptive method was used. For statistical data analysis we used Chi-square test and Fisher exact test with level of signifi cance p<0.05. A total of 153 out of 1750 (8.7%) children had developmental disorders and special educational needs. Gender distribution shows that 97 children (11.6%) were males and 56 children (6.1%) were females. Specifi c developmental disorders of speech and language were most frequent (82.3%) from all developmental disorders. Prevalence rates of some diseases and developmental disorders were lower in comparison to other studies, e.g., specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, hyperkinetic disorders, refractive errors and conductive hearing loss. Low prevalence rate of certain disorders could indicate their underdetection. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Strabismus, refractive errors and nystagmus in children and young adults with Down syndrome(Informa UK Limited, 2011); Stankovic, BranislavPurpose: The aims of the present population-based, cross-sectional study were to examine the frequency and type of strabismus, refractive errors and nystagmus in children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) in Macedonia and Croatia. Methods: A total of 170 unselected children and young adults with DS aged 1–34 years were examined for ocular findings. The ocular examination included: a visual acuity assessment, cycloplegic refraction, ocular alignment and ocular motility. Results: Strabismus was found in 45 of 170 children (26.5%), and esodeviation was the most common type. Nine (20%) had exodeviation and 4 (8.9%) vertical deviation. In 27 of 32 esotropic patients, the strabismus was regarded as acquired esodeviations. The frequency of strabismus was lowest in the high-grade hyperopia group (5%). Concerning esodeviations, fewer cases (3%) were in the high-grade hyperopia group. Most of the cases with esodeviations were in correlation with low-grade hyperopia (31%), myopia (28 %) and emetropia (16%). Hyperopia was the most common refractive error and high myopia increased in prevalence in the over 20 age group. Astigmatism was present in 72.4% of patients. Nystagmus was observed in 18 patients. Ten of 18 patients with nystagmus were associated with the presence of strabismus (9 esodeviations, 1 exotropia). Conclusion: In our study, the high prevalence of strabismus can not be attributed to the presence of hyperopia. Our data show no association between refraction and strabismus in children with DS. Oblique astigmatism has been found to be the most common type of astigmatism in our study group. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Генетика на аутизмот(Филозофски факултет, Скопје, 2005)Autism is a complex, behaviorally defined, static disorder of the immature brain. Autism is not a disease but a syndrome with multiple nongenetic and genetic causes. Autism is a wide spectrum of developmental disorders characterized by impairments in 3 behavioral domains: 1) social interaction; 2) language, communication, and imaginative play; and 3) range of interests and activities. There is convincing evidence that idiopathic autism is a heritable disorder. The recurrence rate in siblings of affected children is 3% to 6%, much higher than the prevalence rate in general population but much lower than in single-gene diseases. There are 3 main approaches to identifying genetic loci, chromosomal regions likely to contain relevant genes: 1 ) whole genome screens, searching for linkage of autism to shared genetic markers in populations of multiplex families; 2) cytogenetic studies that may guide molecular studies by pointing to relevant inherited or de novo chromosomal abnormalities in affected individuals and their families; and 3) evaluation of candidate genes known to affect brain development. Data from whole-genome screens in multiplex families suggest interactions of at least 10 genes in the causation of autism. A putative speech and language region at 7q31-q33 seems most strongly linked to autism. Cytogenetic abnormalities at the 15qll- ql3 locus are fairly frequent in people with autism. Parents need to understand that they and their affected children are the only available sources for identifying and studying the genes responsible for autism. Future clinically useful insights and potential medications depend on identifying these genes and elucidating the influences of their products on brain development and physiology. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Етика и медицинска генетика(Faculty of Philosophy, UKIM, Skopje, Macedonia, 1999)Fast development of medical genetics and it’s subdisciplines is noticed in last thirty years. Modern diagnostic methods made possible to establish human genom and its impairment. In human genetics, ethic is main principle in working. Ethic is science about biggest goodness for human or society, and its aim protecting human health. Today's conditions for leaving and science development open a wide way for ethical approaches, but also for non-ethical manipulations with human even before his conception. We must keep to attitude that without law, with our behavior will must conduct our conscience. It is best to have neutral eugenetic attitude, which allows free ethical choice of each individual, in any case, for the well being of man.