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    Evaluation of Total Thyroidectomy for Treatment of Benign Diseases of Thyroid Gland
    (Scientific foundation SPIROSKI, 2020-04-25)
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    Tolevska, Natasha
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    Qafjani, Ardit
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    BACKGROUND: The controversy of using total thyroidectomy (TT) in treatment of benign thyroid diseases still remains controversial over the rates of complication, mostly recurrence nerve palsy and hypocalcemia, compared to non-total thyroidectomies. The latest reports in this field of research showed that that the number of complications of TT is decreasing as the skills of surgeons increase. AIM: In this study, we reviewed 209 cases of total thyroidectomies for benign thyroid diseases where such surgery was indicated. The results were evaluated whether they support the previous reports that TT is save method of treatment of diffuse multinodular goiters, Graves’ disease thyroid adenomas with diffuse goiters and thyroiditis. METHODS: Two hundred and nine patients, 36 males and 173 females, medium age 47 (17–77) operated with TT between 2016 and 2018 were included in the evaluation study. We evaluated the: Diagnosis, indications for operation, pre-operative medication administration, laryngeal recurrent nerve palsy, hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and patohistology findings. The follow-up for hypocalcemia and laryngeal nerve palsy was performed 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: The age of the patients was between 17 and 77 years, medium-range 47 years old. Of 209 patients, 173 (83%) were female and 36 (17%) male with a gender ratio of 1:4.8 males to females. Diagnoses before surgery were established as follows: Multinodular euthyroid goiter (MNEG) n = 106 (48.80%), multinodular toxic goiter n = 12 (5.74%), Graves’s disease n = 6 (2.87%), adenoma with multinodular goiter n = 73 (34.92%), and n = 16 (7.65%) patients with thyroiditis. Recurrence laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) occurred in 6 patients (2.87%), temporary within 3 months after the operation in 4 patients (1.92%) and permanent palsy within 6 months and more after an operation in 2 patients (0.95%). Voice hoarseness immediately and within 1 month after the operation was registered in 32 patients (15.3%). RLNP and hoarseness were registered mostly in patients with pre-operative problems, mostly with extra big MNEG. One of the permanent injuries of RLN was bilateral and all others were one sided. All patients were operated with normal pre-operative vocal cord movement findings. Post-operative hypocalcemia was registered in 35 patients (16.74%). Temporary nonsignificant hypocalcemia in 10 (4.78%), temporary significant hypocalcemia in 17 (8.13%), temporary severe hypocalcemia in 6 patients (2.87%), and permanent hypocalcemia in 2 patients (0.95%). CONCLUSION: Many studies have shown that the rate of complications is almost even for TT and NTT done for benign and malignant diseases of thyroid gland. Our data have shown that the risk of post-operative complications with TT is proportional to the number of complicated pre-operative findings of benign thyroid glands.
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    Хирургија кај рано откриен белодробен карцином - потреба од прегледи за рано откривање на истиот
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian Medical Association, 2010)
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    Трајанка Трајковска
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    Борче Антевски
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    FEMOROPOPLITEAL BYPASS VS PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY AND STENTING IN TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASES OF INFRAINQUINAL SEGMENT – SHORT-TERM RESULTS
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2009-06)
    Cvetanovski V.
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    Blazevski B.
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    A b s t r a c t: Critical limb ischaemia is a result of occlusive arterial disease in the infrainquinal segment and is a major indication for arterial revascularization, which implies a femoropopliteal bypass procedure or an interventional procedure – stent grafting of the occluded segment. Although indications for both techniques are clearly defined, there are still controversies. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine shortterm results in patients treated with these two treatment modalities. In the period between 2002 and 2008 a total of 70 patients with occlusive arterial diseases of the low extremity were analysed. In 50 out of 70 patients a femoropopliteal bypass was made. Of these, in 30 (60%) patients PTFE material was used and in 20 (40%) patients an autologous saphenous vein graft was used. The other group comprised 20 patients who underwent stenting. In patients treated with surgical revascularization, the major indication for surgery was occlusive arterial disease in: stage II – in 10 patients (20%), stage III – in 5 patients (10%), stage IV – in 25 patients (50%) and the remaining 10 patients (20%) had subacute ischaemia. Arteriography showed three crural patent tributaries in 18% of the patients, two patent crural tributaries in 40% of the patients and one crural patent tributary in 32% of the patients. There were no significant differences concerning indications and arteriographic findings between the two subgroups. The follow-up period lasted for 6 months and the patency rate was 85% (17) for venous bypass, 11 (64.6%) – short-segment lesions (< 4 cm) and 6 (35.3%) longer segment lesions (> 4 cm) versus 76.5% (23) for PTFE graft (p < 0.05), of which 13 (56.5%) were short-segment (<4 cm) and 10 (43.5%) longer segment lesions (> 4 cm). 106 Cvetanovski M. V., Jovev S. et al. Contributions, Sec. Biol. Med. Sci., XXX/1 (2009), 105–118 The following results were obtained for the second group of patients: initially successful stents in 85%; failure in 15% or 2 patients; technical failure in 1 patient or 5%. After 6 months the patency rate was 75% (15), of which 11 patients (73.2%) had short-segment occlusions (< 4 cm) whereas 4 patients (26,8%) had lesions > 4 cm. The baseline value of the lower limb index (ABI – ankle-brachial index) was significantly increased in both groups, from 0.41 to 0.91 in the group with surgical revascularization and from 0.47 to 0.88 in the second group treated with stenting. The same trend was observed after six months. This study demonstrated a small but significant difference (85% vs 75%, p < 0.05) in favour of the autologous saphenous vein, which should be a preferred graft material in all cases for reconstruction of the femoropopliteal segment. When compared to the overall patency rate of PTFE grafts after 6 months there was no significant difference in patency in the group treated with stent grafting (76.5% vs 75%). However, stenting is a method of choice in the treatment of short-segment occlusions – smaller than 4 cm with good early run off (73.2% vs 64.6%, p > 0.05 p = ns). It is obvious that the results are identical to those in treatment with an autologous great saphenous vein, but in comparison with PTFE the results imply stent usage (73.2% vs 56.5%, p < 0.005). Prosthesis (PTFE) is a graft material of choice when the great saphenous vein is used, damaged or calcified and when the occlusion is longer than 4 cm and is not suitable for stent grafting (43.5% vs 26.6%, p < 0.001).
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    Identification of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer with three Tracers (Radiocolloid, Methylene blue, and Indocyanine Green). (Case Report)
    (Scientific foundation SPIROSKI, 2020-09-10)
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    Viktor Gruev
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    BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SNL) biopsy in breast cancer for the determination of axillary status is standard procedures in surgical treatment of early-stage breast cancer. The identification of the SNL is usually performed by radiocolloid injection or/and injection of methylene blue due. The use of indocyanine green (ICG) dye, which is fluorescent dye, which movement in breast and axillar pit, can be followed with special cameras which detect near infrared specatar of light. CASE REPORT: In this paper, we present case report of patient with breast cancer, where we perform SNL detection with three methods: Use of radiocolloid which we trace with static gamma camera, and intraoperatively with hand held gamma probe, methylene blue dye which movement we followed by eye contact and using indocyanine green which movement was followed by specially constructed multispectral camera, which can detect near-infrared fluorescence that is emitted by ICG and methyline blue, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fluorescent imaging with ICG is a sensitive, valuable, and safe method for SNL biopsy. Finding new agents that would identify the SNL, especially if they are not radioactive would be an important step in wider application of this method.
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    An 18-band snapshot hyperspectral imaging system for sentinel lymph node dissection with multiple near-infrared fluorophores
    (SPIE, 2021-03-08)
    Blair, Steven M.
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    Garcia, Missael
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    Davis, Tyler
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    Ferati, Imran
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    Hexachromatic bioinspired camera for image-guided cancer surgery
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2021-05-05)
    Blair, Steven
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    Garcia, Missael
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    Davis, Tyler
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    Zhu, Zhongmin
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    Liang, Zuodong
    <jats:p>A color/near-infrared camera inspired by the mantis shrimp visual system enables tumor detection and lymph node mapping during cancer surgery.</jats:p>
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    POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THYROID SURGERY
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia, 2018)
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    Background and objectives: Postoperative complications from thyroid surgery are numerous and may be shown on different levels. Some of these complications may be detrimental for patients, so minimization of the risks should be always considered. We evaluated the postoperative complications in patients after surgery of the thyroid gland at the Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, Skopje. Material and method: In retrospective manner, all patients undergoing thyroid surgery during the one-year period (1. January- 31. December 2017) were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups, whereas group ST included patients who underwent goiter removal and subtotal thyroidectomy while group TT included patients in who total thyroidectomy was done. In both groups we analyzed the demographic data and the occurrence of postoperative (in the first 48 hours) complications (stridor, hoarseness, hemorrhage, nerve dysfunction, tracheomalacia, hypocalcemia and the need for reintubation and tracheostomy). Results: Total data from 197 patients was evaluated. 120 patients had subtotal thyroidectomy while total thyroidectomy had 77 patients. Postoperative complications occurred in significantly larger number of patients in the TT group (64.9 vs. 40%). Hoarseness (8.4% vs. 18.5%), stridor (18.3% vs. 9.2%) tracheomalacia (5% vs. 1.2%) and hematoma (2.5% vs. 3.8%) occurred in respect to the groups. Hypocalcaemia occurred in significantly larger number of patients in TT group. Permanent nerve injury was found in one patient in the same group and tracheotomy was done only in one patient. Conclusion: Overall results from our study show that the complications after thyroid surgery occur in all patients who undergo thyroid surgery. However, more severe complications and outnumbered are complications in patients who undergo total thyroidectomy.
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    Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis and anesthetic implications - a retrospective study
    (League Against Epilepsy of the Republic of Macedonia = Лига против епилепсија на Република Македонија, 2017)
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    Mojsova Maja
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    Кога да се посомнева семејниот доктор на пнеумоторакс?
    (Здружението на лекари по општа-семејна (ЗЛОМ-СМ) медицина, 2023-03-18)
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    Ферати И
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    Јакупи Н