Kikerkov, Igor
Preferred name
Kikerkov, Igor
Official Name
Kikerkov, Igor
Main Affiliation
Email
igor.kikerkov@medf.ukim.edu.mk
16 results
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Item type:Publication, THREATS OF TRADE IN COUNTERFEIT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS(University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, 2022); ; Many authors point out to severe negative implications that trade in counterfeit medical products may cause to a national economy. It does not only create negative implications from the illegal exploitation of intellectual property rights under the TRIPS Agreement, but also creates serious threats to the economic growth, life, health and safety of citizens and undermines good governance, the rule of law, as well as citizens’ trust in government. The outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 had a strong impact upon the increment of on-line trade in goods, as well as upon on-line trade in pharmaceutical products. Different criminal networks used the COVID-19 pandemic for widening the scope and the scale of their operations in on-line trade in unauthorized or fake pharmaceuticals for medical treatment of different medical conditions including COVID-19. Having on mind the gravity of the problem of global trade in counterfeit pharmaceutical products, the authors of this paper pay due attention to the correct definition on falsified medical/pharmaceutical products; provide literature review and a brief review of actual international and multilateral regulative on intellectual property rights relevant for pharmaceuticals and the exemptions thereof; make an analyses of actual global trends and greatest traders of falsified pharmaceutical products; and finally present concluding remarks. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Importance of 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Metabolite Monitoring in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated with Azathioprine(Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts / Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2019-05-01); ; ; ; Ribarska, Jasmina TonicThe active metabolite of azathioprine, 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) is the main component responsible for the immunosuppressive effect in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the concentration of 6-thioguanine nucleotide and disease activity, azathioprine-related adverse effects and time duration of treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty-four patients were included in this study. Type of disease, gender, time duration of therapy and adverse effects were recorded. Metabolite concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Twenty-one percent of patients have experienced an adverse effect, with leucocytopenia most commonly occurring (42.9%). More adverse effects were registered when patients were treated with azathioprine in a period of less than 3 months in comparison to the group of patients that have been under therapy between 3-12 months and more than 12 months (p˂0.05). Most of the patients that presented any adverse effect had high 6-TGN concentration (>450 pmol/8x108 Er). The mean value of 6-TGN metabolite concentration in IBD patients treated with azathioprine was 437.46 pmol/8x108 Er ± 198.82 pmol/8x108. The time duration of azathioprine treatment did not have any significant impact on the achieved 6-TGN concentration (p>0.05).Twenty patients (58.9%) had achieved remission after therapy initiation with azathioprine. More alertness is recommended to clinicians towards patients in the first 3 months of the therapy. Our study demonstrated that higher 6-TGN concentration is associated with azathioprine toxicity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, CREATINE KINASE IN PATIENTS WITH RHABDOMYOLYSIS ACUTELY INTOXICATED WITH PSYCHOTROPIC AND CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES(Georgian Association of Business Press, 2022); ; ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY(2023-03-31); ; ; ; Driving a product to the market safely, quickly, and cheaply is the best way for a pharmaceutical company to be successful. In the era of an increased consumer demand for pharmaceutical products, the complex process of new product development has to be shortened as much as possible without damaging the overall quality and efficacy of the new product. The pharmaceutical industry is booming, and the race in delivering new products to the market is speeding up. Pharmaceutical companies encounter enormous challenges during the long and extremely complex product-development process. From the initial research in the early laboratory stages until the ultimate product market launch, this long process includes management in a number of different business processes, such as technical development using quality by design, regulatory strategy, clinical studies, and supply chain. To be able to find the most cost-effective ways of speeding up the process of development of new products, and particularly of the clinical trial phase, pharmaceutical companies faced up the need of introducing and implementing project management, which in other manufacturing industries was done a long time ago. Identification of risks of each of the phases in the process and an effective risk mitigation plan became key factors for success for these companies, both from financial and technical perspective. However, implementation of effective project management in launching new products does not only support the success and profitability of pharmaceutical companies. Effective project management in the pharmaceutical industry also makes available new medical discoveries for patients in need sooner and at lower costs, and by enabling a treatment for a certain disease supports maintenance of human health and improves the quality of life worldwide. The article begins with introduction, continues with the interconnection between the new product development and the need of implementing project management in the pharmaceutical industry, refers to the planning of clinical trials of new products as a very important phase of the business life cycle in this industry, explains the basic definition of project management in the pharmaceutical industry and its specifics, and ends with a conclusion - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Effects of Rosiglitazone on Metabolic Parameters and Adiponectin Levels in Fructose-Fed Rats(Scientific Foundation Spiroski (publications), 2009-03-01); ; ; ; Dimitrovski, ChedoAim. To investigate the effect of the peroxisome proliferators-activator receptor gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, on metabolic parameters and adiponectin levels in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. Metabolic syndrome was induced in 32 male Wistar rats by adding a fructose in drinking water for 12 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, 16 rats were treated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day), while the remaining 16 did not receive any medication (fructose group). Another control group consumed standard rat chow and water for 12 weeks. Results. Chronic fructose administration induced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight, serum triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, glucose AUC0-120 (during oral glucose tolerance test) and decreased serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations compared with the control group. Treatment with rosiglitazone over the final 4 weeks reversed these effects and significantly reduced SBP, TG, FFA, insulin concentrations and glucose AUC0-120 compared with the fructose group. In addition, rosiglitazone increased serum levels of adiponectin twofold from 3.44 ± 0.46 to 7.03 ± 1.30 μg/ ml. Conclusion. This study indicates that rosiglitazone treatment improves the components of the metabolic syndrome, which is accompanied with an increase in adiponectin concentrations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, STRATEGIC OUTSOURCING IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY(2022-02-18); ; ; The pharmaceutical industry is facing a tremendous challenge from the current global economic crisis. Enormous earnings from new “blockbuster” drugs are perishing and old drug targets are leading to limited profits. Despite substantial investment in research and development of new drugs, the return thereof is disappointing. New targets including biologic, biomarker, as well as studies of the genome, as well of drugs for treatment of chronic diseases, have much longer duration of the development phase. Therefore, companies are focused on shortening duration, lowering costs, enhancing efficiency and minimizing usage of resources. All these challenges are forcing the pharmaceutical industry to change its drug development model from a model relying on internal capacities to an open model that embodies aid from a Contract Research Organization (CRO) experienced in understanding regulatory standards, equipped with adequate infrastructure, qualified and competent staff in pharmacy, and experienced in dealing with regional issues. Outsourcing has great importance for pharmaceutical companies. Manufacturers of original pharmaceuticals may opt for outsourcing of different phases of drug development, while generic companies confide the clinical trial – the last phase of drug development – to selected CROs which meet high standards of expertise in performing the studies, using highly reliable analytical methods, located in attractive geographic locations and have competitive pricing. This paper is inspired by the challenges with which the pharmaceutical industry has to cope in the new globalized world. At the beginning the authors provide short introduction to the significance of outsourcing in the case of the pharmaceutical industry; than differentiate Big Pharma from generic pharmaceutical companies; define benefits and risks from outsourcing in the pharmaceutical industry; stress the significance of project management as a key prerequisite of planned and executed outsourced activities; and finally present concluding remarks. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF DUAL BLOCKADE OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM WITH CANDESARTAN AND PERINDOPRIL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2013); ; ; ; Introduction. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition exerts a renoprotective effect independent of blood pressure reduction. Several studies suggest that combination therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) provides a greater antiproteinuric effect than monotherapy, perhaps because of more prolonged and complete RAS inhibition. The aim of the present study was to determine if a combination therapy with perindopril and candesartan at lower doses than monotherapy would confer greater renoprotection in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods. Wistar rats (n=125) were used in this study. Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). The diabetic rats (n=100) were randomly assigned to receive vehicle, ARB-Candesartan (5 mg/kg/per d), ACE-I -Perindopril (6 mg/kg/per d), or a combination of low dose Candesartan+Perindopril (2,5 mg/kg/per d and 3 mg/kg/ per d) respectively, from weeks 4-12. Pathological changes of the kidney were examined with optical and transmission electron microscope.Results. Albumin excretion rate, kidney/body weight ratio and renal structural changes increased significantly in untreated diabetic rats compared to normal control rats. Treatment with candesartan, perindopril, or both decreased these changes. Addition of the candesartan to perindopril was more effective in reducing renal structural changes and improvement of renal function than monotherapy with either drug. Conclusion. Combination therapy has the additional benefit of requiring only low doses of ACE-I and ARBs to achieve superior renoprotective effects in this diabetic nephropathy model, possibly due to dual inhibitory effect on the RAS. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, THREATS OF TRADE IN COUNTERFEIT MEDICAL PRODUCTS(University St. Kliment Ohridski in Bitola, 2022-09-16); ; The outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic two years ago had a strong impact upon the increment of on-line trade in goods. This applies to the on-line trade in pharmaceutical products, as well. Different criminal networks used the COVID-19 pandemic for widening the scope, as well as the scale of their operations in on-line trade in unauthorized pharmaceuticals, as well as fake pharmaceuticals for medical treatment of different medical conditions including COVID-19. Trade in counterfeit medical products does not only mean illegal exploitation of intellectual property rights under the TRIPS Agreement and is a serious threat to the economic growth. It also jeopardizes the life, health and safety of a national economy citizens undermining the good governance, the rule of law and citizens’ trust in government. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, EVALUATION OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN IN PRESERVATION AND ELECTVE DISSECTION OF THE ILIOINGUINAL NERVE IN INGUINAL HERNIOPLASTY(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2023-05); ; The use of mesh techniques in the treatment of inguinal hernias significantly reduce recurrences. However the incidence of inguinodinia still present significant complication. The study was designed as a randomized, prospective, unilaterally blind clinical study. Forty male patients were included, to whom hernioplasty by Lichtenstein method with implantation of polypropylene mesh was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups of twenty patients each. In first one the technique of the ilioinguinal preservation was used, and in the second one dissection of the ilioinguinal nerve was performed. At appropriate time points two types of scales were used to assessed the intensity of the pain: Numeric scale of pain (NSP) and Stanford pain scale (SPS).Data from 40 patients have been analyzed, of which 20 with preservation and 20 with dissection of the ilioinguinal nerve. Inguinodynia was present in two patients, one in each group, i.e. 5%, which indicates that there was no significant difference in the occurrence of inguinodynia in the group with preservation and dissection of the ilioingvinal nerve. No single direction can yet be given as to whether it is better to preserve or dissect the inguinal nerves, and there is also division over whether, if a neurectomy should be performed, it should be limited to the IIN or a triple neurectomy should be performed.