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    Adrenal tumors as incidentalomas: report of our experience
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2017)
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    TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX- RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN DIFFERENT BODY SYSTEMS
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2023)
    Apostoloska, Veronika
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    Crcevska, Sofija
    Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a rare genetic disorder of autosomal - dominant inheritance. Tuberous sclerosis complex is characterized by the development of benign tumors affecting different body systems who results in hamartomas involving many organs, like the brain, heart, kidneys, skin, lungs and liver. The management of these patients is often multidisciplinary, involving specialists from various fields. TSC presents at any age as a wide range of clinical and phenotypic manifestations with varying severity. The most common manifestations are facial angiofibroma, seizures, cortical tubers, cardiac rhabdomyoma, renal cysts and tumor of the kidneys. We present four patients with characteristic clinical and radiological features of multilocular tuberous sclerosis.
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    Interventional procedure in breast lesions- core-biopsy
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2017)
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    BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline variants in breast cancer patients from the Republic of Macedonia
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018-04)
    Jakimovska, Milena
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    Maleva Kostovska, Ivana
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    Popovska-Jankovic, Katerina
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    Kubelka-Sabit, Katerina
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    Karadjozov, Mitko
    We aimed to establish the spectrum of BRCA1/2 mutations among the breast cancer (BC) patients from the Republic of Macedonia.
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    FREQUENCY, IMAGINIG PATTERNS AND PITFALLS IN BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA, A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE STUDY
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2023)
    Ramadani, Pranvera
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    Blunt abdominal trauma is a life-threatening condition and imaging is key in identifying the next step in patient management. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and pitfalls of blunt abdominal trauma findings in multiphasic Multidetector Computed Tomographic (MDCT) examinations in patients with road traffic injuries and falls in the setting of polytrauma. After institutional review board approval with a waiver of informed consent was obtained, a retrospective study was performed focusing on a three-month period in 2023, from May to July in patients referred to our department with the diagnosis of superficial injuries involving multiple body regions – T00. A review of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), the electronic medical records and dictated reports identified patients who met the criteria of abdominal blunt trauma. A total number of 321 patients were identified, who met the criteria of superficial injuries involving multiple body regions (average age, 37.5 years). 220 patients were male. 2,8% (9 patients) had imaging findings of blunt abdominal trauma. 55,5 % of patients had spleen traumatic injuries, the remaining percentage was liver, kidney, retroperitoneal hematoma and isolated free abdominal fluid. MDCT and administration of intra venous contrast is crucial in recognizing many of the spectral findings blunt abdominal trauma. A protocol of biphasic “Combi” scan should be implemented in order to minimize radiation exposure and duration of the scan. Multiphasic Computed Tomography (CT) acquisition is key to avoid pitfalls.
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    PERSISTENT TRIGEMINAL ARTERY - ANATOMICAL FEATURES AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2023)
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    Persistent trigeminal artery is the most common primitive carotid basilar anastomosis that persists in adulthood. The overall incidence of persistent trigeminal artery is between 0.2 to 0.76%. PTA are known to be associated with a wide range of pathology. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of the PTA and to emphasize its clinical significance. We examined radiographs from patients who had CT angiography undertaken for a variety of clinical reasons, performed as a part of their medical treatment at the University Institute for Radiology in Skopje, RN Macedonia. The study population included 234 patients, 130 male and 104 females, mean age 57.8 years. In one patient we found PTA with overall incidence of 0.42%. CTA revealed a left PTA that arise from the internal carotid artery and communicate with the basilar artery between the origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery. Although anatomically interesting, an awareness of the anatomy and variations of the brain arteries is clinically important for radiologists and surgeons for save performance of procedures, and forensic pathologists since variants may have forensic consequences.
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    Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm on anterior circulation
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2018)
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    Aliji, Vjolca
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    Businovska, Jasna
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    Intracranial aneurysms are abnormal dilations of the intracranial vessels at the weak spot of arterial wall. Rupture of intracranial aneurysm can cause intracerebral hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, rarely subdural hematoma. Evaluation of effectiveness of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm as minimal invasive treatment and assessment of result after endovascular treatment for complete occlusion, residual neck or residual aneurysm. The study population included 57 patients referred to the University Clinic of Radiology in Skopje, R. Macedonia for endovascular treatment during the period January 2015 to May 2018. This study included 32 females and 25 males, ranging in age from 25 to 74 years. From total 63 treated IA 33 were ruptured and 30 unruptured, 7 patients was with multiple aneurysm, 5 with 2 and 2 with 3 aneurysms. In this study 34 aneurysms were treated with coiling, 7 aneurysms with stent, 2 aneurysms with flow diverter and complex aneurysms with combined technique, 3 with balloon assisted coiling, 13 with stent assisted coiling and 2 with flow diverter assisted coiling. Two patients with giant aneurysms were treated with occlusion of parent artery after positive balloon occlusive test. Endovascular therapy is a minimally invasive procedure since it’s associated with less risk of bad outcomes, shorter hospital stays and shorter recovery times compared with surgery.
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    HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2025-05-02)
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    Nedelkoski, Martin
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    To emphasize the role and value of hysterosalpingography (HSG) as a radiological procedure for investigation of the uterine cavity and the patency of the fallopian tubes. This is a retrospective study of a group of 43 patients with infertility examined at the University institute of radiology in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia during a two months period in 2025. The HSG was part of the infertility examination, evaluation and treatment at the University clinic of gynecology and obstetrics in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. The mean age of the 43 patients included in the study was 34.02 years with a range of 20 to 47 years. Most of the participants, 27 (62.8%) had primary infertility. The period of infertility duration was under 5 years in 31 (72.1%) of the women. Hysterosalpingograms showed normal uterine morphology in 31(72.1%) of the included patients, tubal morphology was normal in 35 (81.4%) of the patients, while 42 (97.7%) of the 43 participants had normal cervical findings. The most prevalent uterine anomaly was the arcuate uterus present in 6 (13.9%) of the patients, while the rarest findings were the hypoplastic and the unicornuate uterus, each presenting in only 1 (2.3%) of the patients. Cervical insufficiency was detected in 15 (34.9%) of the patients. Patent tubal dilatation and hydrosalpinx were the most common tubal abnormalities, each finding appearing in 3 (7%) of the patients. Normal tubal patency was present in 36 (83.7%) of the included women, while 3 (7%) of the patients had bilateral tubal occlusion. HSG is a method of choice for demonstration of the uterine endometrial contour, filling of the fallopian tubes and intraperitoneal spillage of contrast with the purpose of establishing tubal patency
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    CT IMAGING OF LIVER CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2025-04)
    Begu, Aida
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    Liver cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the accidental infection of humans with the eggs of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Two-thirds of all cases present with hepatic involvement.
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    ASSESSMENT OF ENZYMURIA FROM PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULE IN INFLAMMATORY SERONEGATIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
    (Macedonian Medical Association/De Gruyter, 2022)
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    Ana Vasilevska
    Introduction. To determine the effects of non-treated seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on proximal renal tubule, sensitivity of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), -glutamyltransferase (--GT), β2 microglobulin in urine β2M), as well as to determine the relation with rheu-matoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP), DAS 28 - disease activity score. Methods. RF was determined by agglutination test (latex RF test, while kinetic methods were used for determination of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and -glutamyltransferase (-GT), as well as MEIA (micro-particle enzyme immunoassay) to determine β2 micro-globulin in urine. Samples (serum and urine) of 70 participants were examined (35 RA not treated, 35 healthy control group of patients). Results. In 35 RF negative RA, AAP enzymuria was present in 12 (34.28%) patients, -GT was present in 7 patients (20%), while β2 microglobulin was present in 3 patients (8.57%). In the healthy control group, 4 patients showed AAP positivity (11.42%), 2 patients -GT positivity (5.71%) and 1 patient showed presence of 2 microglobulin in urine (2.85). RF was not detected in any patient (0%). Conclusion. AAP has a higher sensitivity of -GT and β2 microglobulin in the detection of asymptomatic renal lesions in non-treated seronegative RA.