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    Policy on Balanced Regional Development in Macedonia-Goals, Challenges, Trends
    (University Library of Munich, Germany, 2016)
    Penev, Slagan
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    According to data from official state institutions analyzed in the study, the policy on balanced regional development is facing serious challenges and is yet to engage in serious efforts in the future. Evidence on the unfavourable situation is found in data whereby more than half of investments continue to be generated in the most developed region, population growth in most regions is negative, while the three least developed regions (Northeast, Polog and Southwest) are facing high unemployment and have not improved their respective contribution shares in GDP in the last years compared with other regions in the state. In order to make regional development truly balanced, funding practices must adhere to the existing methodology or new methodology should be proposed for distribution of budget funds, according to which funds in the amount of 1% of GDP (or 3.25% as enlisted by the Government in one of its documents) will be awarded according to the relevant shares calculated on the basis of development in individual planning regions. Within the shortest deadline possible, the Council on Balanced Regional Development or the Ministry of Local Self-Government should establish a transparent reporting system on all parameters related to regional development, thus increasing interest and awareness of citizens for this important policy for the state’s future. Even the Strategy on Regional Development 2009-2019 refers to information system that would allow adherent compliance with the principles of transparency and accountability in strategy implementation, and would ensure access to public information related to strategy implementation. Having in mind that policy on balanced regional development is in compliance with strategic goal of the Republic of Macedonia in terms of its aspiration to join the EU, authors of this analysis believe that consensus is needed among main political actors for further and more committed implementation of the Law on Balanced Regional Development. Having in mind that this law and strategy had been adopted almost one decade ago and there is no visible progress in terms of awareness in society and in terms of political will, it seems as if the law does not exist. In spite of greater will and commitment demonstrated by management structures at relevant institutions and bodies toward capacity building for regional development, the possibility for establishment of special ministry of regional development should be reconsidered.
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    Testing Fiscal Sustainability in the Republic of Macedonia - A VAR Approach
    (Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency, Varazdin, Croatia; Faculty of Management University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; University North, Koprivnica, Croatia, 2017)
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    The recent global financial and economic crisis caused great concerns in many developed countries (especially in the European Union) due to rising debt levels and deterioration of their fiscal space. The adverse effects of high indebtedness highlighted the importance of maintaining sustainable public finances. This problem was not limited to rich and highly developed economies. The Republic of Macedonia also experienced such developments in the fiscal area and the public debt ratio doubled in the last decade. The aim of this paper is to investigate the fiscal sustainability of Macedonia using quarterly data for the period 2005 – 2016. We use a VAR model to determine whether the primary balance responds positively to increases in government indebtedness, thus ensuring fiscal sustainability, or is set exogenously and independently from changes in government liabilities. The empirical analysis shows that the primary balance lacks the necessary and sufficient positive response to an increase in the government debt level that helps prevent a further debt accumulation. These results, together with the drastically increased public debt since 2008, imply a need for a faster adjustment of the primary balance after a government debt shock in order to prevent reaching even higher debt levels and losing a valuable fiscal space
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    Придонесот на Мајкал Кремер – “Нобеловци по економија”
    (Економски факултет - Скопје, 2020-11)
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    Do Wages Reflect Growth Productivity – Comparing the European East and West?
    (Taylor & Francis Online, 2023-01-19)
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    Gligorić, Dragan
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    Kozeski, Kristijan
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    The research determines the gap (Great Decoupling) between labour productivity and workers’ compensation in the two blocks of EU countries (Western versus Eastern). The division of countries into two groups provides a basis further to determine whether the previous socio-economic and political evolutionary development of these countries blocks still has a significant impact on the functional distribution of national income, on the extent to which labour productivity growth is transmitted to workers. The results are heterogeneous. In the sample of highly developed Western EU countries where higher levels of labour productivity, as well as high levels of technological development, lead to an increase in labour productivity to be followed by a lower increase in workers’ compensation. On the sample of Eastern EU countries, results indicate different relationships and the strength of causality between productivity and labour compensation. Central-East EU countries had a more positive relationship between real workers’ compensation and labour productivity, compared to the Southeast Europe (Balkan) countries where an increase in workers’ compensation causes a reduction in labour productivity. The results also offer a solid basis for understanding wage/income/productivity relationships d for creating policies for a more efficient distribution of national income.
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    Economic theory, economic policy and economic practice –(case of R. Macedonia)
    (Faculty of Economics - Skopje, 2009)
    In order to analyze the between the economic theory, economic policy and economic practice (economic life), we should “dig” deep, to reach the nature of the economic science and to give answers to the following questions: what is the significance of the economic theory, what is the role of the economic policy, why there are changes in the economic paradigms, what type of links exist between economic theory, economic policy and economic practice, is economic practice a slave of the economic theory etc. The research in this paper is focused on development of the relations between economic theory, economic policy and economic practice in the Republic of Macedonia – during two periods: the period when Macedonia was centrally-planned economy and the transition period. At the end we analyze the lacks and malfunctions in the relations between economic theory and economic policy in R. Macedonia, nowadays. Ke y words: economic theory, economic policy, economic practice, economic paradigms, financial crisis, transition, centrally-planned economy.
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    The role of macroprudential measures in terms of global economic crises – the case of the Republic of Macedonia
    (CEA, Skopje, 2013)
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    The global financial and economic crisis has revealed the lack of an analytical framework that can help in predicting and dealing with growing global financial imbalances, which can cause serious macroeconomic consequences. If we make a general retrospective of the global crisis, we will determine the fundamental shortcomings in understanding the systematic risk - in fact it is a failure to assess how the aggressive risk taking by var-ious types of financial institutions was the reason for the huge growth in the balance in the entire financial sys-tem. Excessive confidence in the ability of self-adjustment of the financial system led to an underestimation ofthe rising values of debt and leverage, as a result of the credit boom and the increase in the prices of assets.In addition there was an insufficient appreciation of the role of financial innovation and the financial regulation in increasing financial imbalances and the consequences of the real economy.The global crisis was the reason for the revision of the broad policy instruments and measures. In this respect, today's crisis pointed the need to overcome the purely micro-founded approach to financial regulation and supervision and to attract particular attention to the defining of the development of macroeconomic policy elements for financial stability. Policy makers came to a consensus that the purpose of the macroprudential policy is a reduction of the systematic risk, strengthening the ability of the financial system to cope with shocks and a strong support for stable financial system functioning, without the enormous support during the crisis.This paper will be focused on several key issues concerning macroprudential policy: defining the goals of macroprudential policies after the global financial shock; overview of the use of macruprudential measures during the crisis; analysis of the implementation and efficiency of macruprudential measures during the crisis; reasons for cooperation with monetary policy; analysis of the above mentioned issues on the case of the Republic of Macedonia, having in mind the country specific characteristics – small and open economy extremely vulnerable to global imbalances, fixed exchange rate regime.
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    Socio-economic Determinants of Social Spending in the EU
    (Center for Economic Analyses, 2019-06)
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    The rise in social spending during the last century brought about a significant increase in the total government expenditures and according to many studies, also contributed to the rising public debt. The intent of social spending is reducing and alleviating inequality and poverty and enhancing social cohesion. Empirical evidence shows that countries that make greater efforts in social spending manage to reduce income inequality. However, it should not be on the account of endangering sustainability In this paper we examine whether certain socioeconomic variables influence the level of social expenditure in the EU countries in the last two decades. More specifically, we try to tackle the following questions: Do governments reduce social spending when debt rises, in order to avoid fiscal unsustainability? Do countries spend more on welfare in times of an economic downturn, i.e. is social expenditure counter-cyclical? Do countries with larger income inequality also have higher social expenditures aimed at reducing the larger gap?
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    Market economies in crisis – mayor shift in the dominant macroeconomic paradigms
    (Konrad Adenauer Foundation and the Institute for "Democracy Societas Civilis, 2009)
    The contemporary global economic crisis has "stirred the waters" and made many people wonder what it represents, where it came from and where it leads us. In this paper we are going deeper, analyzing the shift in the dominant economic paradigms as the cause for a global economic crisis that began in developed market economies. The global economic crisis has changed the balance between the two dominant macroeconomic conceptions - Keynesian and neo-liberal, and created a need for the reconstruction of the core of the contemporary economic science, policy and practice. In the fi rst part of the paper we analyze the relationship between economic theory, economic policy and economic practices in order to better understand the process of the changing balance between the dominant macroeconomic paradigms and the changes that are taking place in the economies affected by the crisis. The second part will explore the relation between the 1930s, 1970s and the contemporary economic crisis on the one hand, and the economic paradigms shift on the other. The third part of the paper will be focused on the neo-liberal economic paradigm which in the last two or three decades has dominated in economic theory, policy and practice and is one of the main causes for today's global economic crisis (starting from the concept and origins of neo-liberalism, its fundamentals, the Washington Consensus as a neo-liberal manifesto and the role of the neo-liberal conception in the fi nancial crisis that has shaken the world). At the end, appropriate attention will be devoted to shaping the relationship between the dominant economic paradigms under the impact of the contemporary economic crisis, its implications on the economic policy and practice, the future of the standard economic science and similar issues.
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