Now showing 1 - 10 of 26
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    Analysis of the factors influencing coefficients of pm10 emissions from household heating in Skopje region, International journal of ecosystems and ecology science
    (2018)
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    Sapuric, Zoran
    This article provides general information about the air pollution in the Skopje valley, its geographical, climatic and meteorological conditions, that contribute to high concentrations of PM10 and PM2,5 in the city, especially during the heating season. The measuring network shows that PM10 concentrations in all measuring point in the city of Skopje is drastically above the limit of 50µg/m3 , with accident reaching value up to 1000µg/m3 . Part of this research is done by conducting a survey on 5044 households in 17 municipalities of the Skopje plan region, with analysis of the type of system they use for heating the household, the surface area of the object they live in, the part of the object they heat during the winter (heating season), the fuel they use or source of energy for heating, and the amount of fuel for one heating season. The analysis of the type of wood fuels used within a the region of Skopje include proportional (percentage) breakdown of the typical types of wood (oak, spruce, pine, etc) and nature of equipment in use (age), maintenance patterns and frequency of wood, the emission factor for PM10 is calculated and proposed that can be used in further TIER1 calculations
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    Energy efficiency in complex buildings
    (IOP Publishing, 2020-01-24)
    Hyseni, Driton
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    Thermal energy performance of a certain building refers to the process of modelling the energy transfer between the building and its surroundings. The objective of the present work was to analyze the energy performances of complex buildings in terms of energy efficiency. Healthcare buildings are a typical example of complex objects, both from a construction and from a thermo-technical aspect, since they usually need heat and cold generation and distribution systems and facilities. For the purpose of the present analysis, a complex consisting of 16 hospital buildings has been evaluated from the energy efficiency viewpoint. Numerical simulation has been conducted to identify the baseline energy consumption of the considered healthcare buildings. The data have been further processed for analysis and comparison of baseline scenario with the scenario for energy efficient renovated buildings. The results from the analysis show that energy efficient complex healthcare buildings may reach operation energy savings up to 50% compared to baseline situation where the buildings are operating with inefficient heating and electrical systems. The investments simple payback period of the proposed energy efficiency measures is between 5-6 years. Implementation of renewable energy system for sanitary hot water preparation, might address issues related to energy security, i.e. dependency on the energy imports by reducing expenditures on energy, as well as might reduce the consequent environmental impact. The results of the energy efficiency measures implementation in the considered healthcare buildings show significant improvements, resulting with lower energy cost for the buildings, reduction of fossil fuels use and reduction of CO2 emissions up to 45%.
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    Energy modeling as a tool for energy development - Analysis of the Macedonian energy system
    (Здружение на енергетичарите на Македонија, 2022-09)
    Lazova, Elena
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    In order to achieve a carbon-neutral and sustainable future, energy system modelling is one of the key tools for obtaining relevant indicators, based on which conclusions and recommendations are made. Energy modelling is developed over the second half of the twentieth century and yet there are a lot of challenges when implementing an effective energy transition plan. In this paper the software package EnergyPlan is applied for energy system modelling and the input parameters are used from the Macedonian energy system. In the model for the Macedonian energy system, several scenarios are analyzed in order to assess the potential for integration of renewable energy sources. As an evaluation parameter, the indicator Levelized Cost of Electricity was used.
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    Binary Co-generation Power Plant with SOFC – environmental aspects
    (Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A.), 2016)
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    In this paper are analysed the ecological aspects in regard of the application of binary cogenerative power plants with solid oxide fuel cells (BCFC). The BCFC are combined co-generative power plants with fuel cells, gas and steam co-generative power plants, which are considered as high efficiency power plants. It is proposed optimisation methodology according to which is developed and verified an optimisation software. As leading optimisation criteria is chosen the maximal efficiency of the analysed power plant. In the paper are presented many calculation results from the software which are relating to energy, ecological and economical characteristics for this kind of power plants. The obtained results are analysed in regard of ecological aspects such as pollutant emissions depending from the fuel type. Comparison is performed between the results (ecological parameters) of BCFC with and without fuel cells. According the analyses of the results, conclusions are drawn which justifies the advantages in implementation on this kind of power plants
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    Possibilities for improving energy efficiency in industry sector utilizing low temperature waste heat recovery
    (Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A.), 2018)
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    The energy efficiency in the industry sector is a strong and leading factor for the competitiveness on the domestic and foreign markets. In this paper are analysed the possibilities for improving energy efficiency in the industry sector by utilising low temperature waste heat recovery (LTWHR). As a waste heat it is considered the energy that is generated in industrial processes without being put to practical use. The focus in the analysis is placed on the Organic Rankine Cycle technology for utilising LTWHR as a competitive technology for the energy sources where neither gas nor steam cycles offer a technically and/or economically viable solution to generate electric power or other useful energy transformation. Also it is given brief overview of the cycle configurations that are commonly used or proposed in the literature for this kind of applications. Within the analysis is covered waste heat recovery from the exhaust gases from hot water boilers, steam boilers and combined heat and power units
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    A model for techno-economic optimization and environmental sustainability of the heating structure in an urban area
    (Društvo termičara Srbije, 2017)
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    The objective of the present work is to conduct techno-economic evaluation of different available methods and types of heating in urban areas, having in the forefront the impact on the environment. Several important aspects have been envisaged within the analysis: technical feasibility, investment costs, operating and maintenance costs, as well as the environmental impact assessment. The main goal of the work is to provide reliable information and indicators for selection of optimal sustainable type of heating in the city of Skopje as a major urban area. The actual situation in terms of air pollution in Skopje has been briefly outlined. The current situation regarding the ways of thermal energy supply for heating in Skopje is presented. A complex mathematical model has been applied for the purposes of a comparative analysis between different heating methods, that takes into consideration the necessary techno-economic and environmental aspects of the heating methods and systems. Furthermore, the model has been adapted and applied as for the conditions of the city of Skopje, offering a strong guidelines for selection of the best way of heating in different parts of the city, depending on the local urban, infrastructural, technical and environmental conditions. The results show a significant advantage of the central heating system in relation to the other types of heating, from engineering, financial and environmental viewpoint.
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    Performance evaluation of micro orc systems for power generation in nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB)
    (Faculty of mechanical engineering, University of Banja Luka, 2019-05)
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    Blazheska, Martina
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    Vasikj,Nebojsha
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    According the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive it is required all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy by the end of 2020. Micro cogeneration systems are considered as one of the system solutions with the highest potential to enable nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). In this paper is assessed the potential for application of Micro-Organic Rankine Cycle system for power generation in nZEB, where as a heat source is considered solar energy (solar thermal collectors) biomass (pellet boiler), which are also integrated part of the heating system and DHW. Analysis is performed in order to select optimal ORC working fluid for highest thermal efficiency. The solar thermal system, building, heating/cooling and DHW systems are modeled with Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) and for the meteorological data is used Typical Meteorological Year for Macedonia.
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    Impact of indoor air quality on health effects
    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Banja Luka, 2017-05)
    Serafimov, Marko
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    In modern industrial society man spends the greater part of his life indoors. A large proportion of the population, over 90%, spends more than 20 hours a day in an artificial environment: at home, at the workplace, at shops, at variety of recreation places, cafes, theaters, cinemas, galleries, etc), during transportation etc. Since we spend most of our time indoors the character of the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) is of great significance for how we feel, for our health, wellbeing and productivity. Indoor environment quality has a special role as health determinant, and management of indoor air requires different approaches than outdoor air. To achieve indoor environment quality is determined by many factors, but the designers are focused on four different perspectives such as: Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Thermal Comfort (TC), Visual Comfort (VC) and Acoustical Comfort (AC). The concept of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is used as a general denomination for the cleanliness of indoor air. The requirements of the occupants for the indoor air quality in a space are first that the health risk of breathing the air should be negligible and second that the air should be perceived to be fresh and pleasant rather than stale, stuffy and irritating. Indoor air quality may be controlled by a combination of pollutant source control and ventilation. Indoor air quality is vital to human health because most human activities take place in the indoor environment. Therefore the indoor air quality have become priority a for federal, provincial and regional health authorities.
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    Influence of condensation temperature and fluid properties on the organic rankine cycle efficiency
    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Skopje, 2018)
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    Blazheska, Martina
    The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is becoming a popular choice for the exploitation of limited heat sources, where air and water cycles fail to provide satisfactory results. This paper gives a theoretical overview of the organic rankine cycle and lists a number of its uses, highlighting its application in geothermal reservoirs, most commonly providing geothermal fluids in the liquid state. The advantages and disadvantages of this cycle are analyzed, followed by the criteria for fluid selection. Furthermore, a method for calculating the cycle efficiency of a specific geothermal ORC plant is presented, as well as an analysis of the impact that the condensation temperature and choice of working fluid have on the cycle efficiency
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    Convergence Between Cost-Optimality and Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings
    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Nis, 2017-10)
    Serafimov, Marko
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    In according to Directive 2010/31/EU, the concept of Cost-Optimality was setting the energy performance requirements in the MS building codes. Particularly, the Commission established a comparative framework methodology for calculating cost-optimal levels of minimum energy performance for building. The same Directive also introduces the concept of nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB) stating that all new buildings by the end of 2020 must be nZEB. The cost-optimal methodology helps to understand and manage the implications of implementing requirements for nZEB.