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    Seroprevalence of canine leishmaniosis in asymptomatic dogs in Kosovo
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022-12-20)
    Xhekaj, Betim
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    Sherifi, Kurtesh
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    Rexhepi, Agim
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    Bizhga, Bejo
    Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania spp. Leishmania infantum is the species responsible for the zoonotic form of the disease where dogs are reservoir hosts. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of CanL in asymptomatic dogs in Kosovo. Blood samples were collected from 285 dogs in all seven regions in Kosovo (35-50 samples per region) from summer 2021 to spring 2022. Sera were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the presence of anti-Leishmania IgG was confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The true overall seroprevalence of CanL of asymptomatic dogs in Kosovo with ELISA was 4.21% (95% CI: 2.42-7.21) while with IFAT was 3.51% (95% CI: 1.92-6.34). The highest rates were found in the Prishtina region to be 8.0% (4/50) by ELISA and 6.0% (3/50) by IFAT, and in the Mitrovica region, the prevalence was 0% (0/40). There were no significant differences among the different regions, gender, age, health status, and breed. These findings highlight the presence of CanL in most regions of Kosovo and underline the veterinary relevance of clinically asymptomatic dogs infected with Leishmania.
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    Clinical Mastits Incidence In Small-Scale Dairy Cow Farms
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-03-15)
    Janevski, Aleksandar
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    Andreevska, Silvana
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    Todorovski, Angjelche
    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) in small and large-scale dairy cow farms can be highly variable and can be affected by age, parity, post-calving status, and atmospheric conditions. The current study aimed to assess the CM-incidence and its association with the post-calving days, number of lactations, season, and number of affected udder quarters in dairy cows in small-scale dairy farms. The study was conducted within one calendar year in 177 small-scale farms with 864 dairy cows. Clinically confirmed CM cows (n=72) were sampled from each udder quarter and processed for bacteriology examination. The CM-positive samples were grouped according to the season (spring, summer, autumn, and winter), the number of days after calving (<90, 90-180, and >180), the number of lactations (1-st, 2-5-th, and >6-th), and the number of affected udder quarters (one, two, three, and four). The CM-positive samples (n=72, 8.3%) were confirmed on bacteriology examination in significantly lower count (n=56, 6.5%). The 2-5-th lactations cows (n=35, 68.6%) were significantly more compared to the first lactation (n=6, 11.8%), and >6-th lactation cows (n=10, 19.6%). CM cows with infection of one udder quarter (n=40, 78.4%) were significantly more than the cows with two (n=6, 11.8%), and four infected quarters (n=5, 9.8%). The CM-incidence in small-scale dairy cow farms in North Macedonia was 8.3% and 6.5% by clinical and bacteriology examination, respectively. The highest CM susceptibility was observed in the cows between the second and fifth lactations. One udder quarter was most frequently affected in CM-positive cases.</jats:p>
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    GLYCEMIA AS A RELIABLE INDICATOR FOR DIABETES MELLITUS IN DOGS AND CATS
    (University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021-11-12)
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    Atanaskova Petrov, Elena
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in pet animals with variable pathophysiological metabolic pathways in dogs. Consequently, various hematological and biochemical parameters tend to have high variability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the most reliable and practical hematological and/or biochemical parameter for monitoring DM during the insulin treatment in dogs and cats. This research included 11 pet animals (8 dogs and 3 cats) with high resolution of DM clinical symptoms. Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) were measured on whole blood samples by using hematological analyzer. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), glucose, urea, and creatinine were obtained from plasma samples analyzed with automatic colorimetric analyzer. The variability of the parameters was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV, %). Parameters with CV >34% were considered with non-normal distribution. RBC and glucose had CV of 24% and 25%, respectively. The other parameters had CV ranging between 39% and 162%. Polyuria and polydipsia were present in 7 dogs and 1 cat. Polyphagia was present in 4 dogs and 1 cat. Intermittent polyphagia was found in 3 dogs. The clinical manifestations had variable underlying conditions which resulted in variable concomitant organopathies. In conclusion, the blood glucose indicated normal distribution and can be used as a reliable indicator for monitoring DM in diabetic dogs and cats. By using telemetric blood glucose monitoring devices, the veterinary doctors will have continuous and reliable data for the status and the effectiveness of the therapy for their patients.
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    The three pillars of applied farm animal welfare
    (Veterinarski glasnik, 2021-01)
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    Novelties in Ovine Assisted Reproductive Technologies – A Review
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2022-04-27)
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    Trojacanec, Plamen
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    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Artificial insemination (AI) as a part of assisted reproductive technologies represents the oldest and most widespread method used to accelerate genetic progress in all domestic animals. After its first implementation in ovine reproduction and almost 80 years afterward, AI is continuously used for improving the genetic merit, utilizing either fresh or short-time chilled semen. Nevertheless, regardless of the semen used for insemination, the conception rate (CR) is still lower in comparison to natural service. At least two factors are commonly thought to limit the success of the AI and reduce the CR: (1) failure of placing the semen directly into the uterus due to the specific anatomic structure of the ewe’s cervix; (2) lower viability of ram spermatozoa during cryopreservation (<30% progressively motile spermatozoa after thawing). This review elaborates on recent studies that aimed to achieve acceptable CR through the implementation of cervical or intrauterine insemination: deep intracervical, intrauterine trans-cervical, and intracornual. Several hormonal treatments (oxytocin, estrogen, or prostaglandin) were evaluated on inducing cervical dilation that facilitates insemination. A comprehensive analysis was given to the effects of several antioxidants (GSSG, GSH, and cysteine) supplemented in ram semen-freezing media. Sex-sorted ram semen fertility rate results were presented from our studies.</jats:p>
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    Ram spermatozoa motile and metabolic activity – potentially predictable pattern of ejaculate fatty acid composition
    (COST EPICONCEPT Workshop 2015 Periconception EnvironmentAt: Dubrovnik, Croatia 26 - 29 April 2015, 2015-04)
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    Monika Dovenska
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    Immunohistomorphometric response of pituitary growth hormone-producing cells in rats to prolonged exposure to moderately elevated ambient temperature
    (National Library of Serbia, 2025-05-30)
    Cukuranovic-Kokoris, Jovana
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    Dovenska, Monika
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    Parapid, Biljana
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    Brilliant Cresyl Blue Staining Enhances the Morphological Quality Evaluation of Porcine Oocytes-a Preliminary Study
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-06-07)
    Dovenska, Monika
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    Benc, Michal
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    Brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining is a method used for selection of developmentally competent porcine oocytes, in addition to the standard morphological classification. The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between BCB staining in porcine oocytes with high and low morphological characteristics and its maturation rate. In the first part of the study, cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) (n=434) were aspirated from 60 ovaries. According to the morphological classification and BCB staining, they were divided in 4 groups: COC+/BCB+, COC-/BCB+, COC+/BCB-, and COC-/BCB-. In the second experiment, COCs (n=445) were categorized into 3 groups: control, BCB+, and BCB-. Significant differences in the maturation rate were observed between COC+/BCB+ and COC-/BCB- (66% vs. 23%), and between COC+/BCB+ and COC-/BCB+ (66% vs. 38%) (p<0.0001). Significant differences were also registered between COC-/BCB+ and COC-/BCB- (38% vs. 23%) and between COC+/BCB- and COC-/BCB- (53% vs. 23%) (p<0.01). Results from the second experiment showed that only BCB- oocytes had a significantly lower maturation rate (28%) compared to the control (63%) and BCB+ oocytes (59%) (p<0.001). These findings showed that COCs with high morphological characteristics had higher developmental ability compared to COCs with low morphology. The BCB-staining in high-quality oocytes did not have a significant impact on their maturation ability compared to a control group, but it might be useful for selecting developmentally competent oocytes with low morphology characteristics.