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    Indicators of abdominal obesity: waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in adolescence of North Macedonia
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2021-04-02)
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    Obesity in children and adolescents in the world is reaching a scale of an epidemic. It is considered the most widespread disease in children in many countries, especially in developed countries. The aim of this study was to define WC and WHR among Macedonian adolescents aged 11 to 14 years. A cross-sectional study was performed in 2013-2015, comprising a sample of 1267 adolescents of the Republic of Macedonia aged 11 to 14 years; 646 males and 621 females. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured and percentiles were calculated using Cole’s Lambda, Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. The relation between WHR and general obesity, as defined by the International Obesity Task Force, was investigated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The boys had statistically significant higher values ​​in all anthropometric measures, except in HC where statistically significant gender differences were not found. BMI, WC, and HC increased with the age. The obtained reference percentile curves can be used temporarily for obesity screening in children and adolescents.
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    Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio cut-off points to predict obesity and metabolic syndrome among student population in skopje, North Macedonia
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2021-06-21)
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    Abdominal obesity is the most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome. Any anthropometric measure is only the first step in identifying people at ‘early health risk’. This study aimed to determine a cut-off point of selected anthropometric indicators and to analyze the prevalence of normal weight obesity and abdominal obesity among university students. The study included 839 healthy students aged 18-20 (411 males and 428 females) from the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, R. North Macedonia. The following anthropometric parameters were measured: weight, height, two circumferences (waist WC and hip HC) using a standard protocol. The following indices were taken into consideration: Body Mass Index (BMI), WC and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR). The prevalence of obesity across BMI cut-off points among Macedonian students was 22.22%. In the underweight group, the number of female students was significantly higher (12.61% vs 2.19%), while in the overweight and obesity group a higher percentage of male students was observed (27.5% vs 9.11% and 6.81% vs 1.41%). Prevalence of abdominal obesity according to WC and WHR cut-off among Macedonian students were: female had the prevalence of abdominal obesity (overweight and obese) of 25.47% WC and WHR 43.23%, respectively. Both cut-off points for the males were 34.55% WC and 52.81% WHR. However, the Macedonian cut-off points for WC and WHR showed a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity among males. These results and determination of BMI, WC, WHR cut-off values can be used for the prediction of consequences associated with obesity.
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    Somatotype in 11 years old Macedonian adolescents
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2018-04-12)
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    Kavecan, Ivana
    Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex and ethnic differences of somatotype in Macedonian adolescents at the age of 11 years. Subjects and Methods. In this study 315 adolescent students (167 males and 148 females), from Macedonian and Albanian nationality at age of 11 years were included from primary schools in two cities: Skopje and Strumica in R. Macedonia. Ten anthropometric parameters were measured using standard equipment and measurement technique to assess the somatotype according to Heat–Carter somatotyping method. Results. Although there were not significant sex and ethnic differences of somatotype components between the groups at the age of 11 years, from the obtained results we concluded that males and females of Macedonian ethnic group had higher values for endomorph component than their Albanian pears, who had higher values for mesomorph and ectomoph component. Conclusion. Ethnic group should be taken in mind for easier evaluation and understanding of differences in anthropometric parameters of growth and body composition in Macedonian adolescents.
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    Growth parameters and nutritional status in relation to socioeconomic status of Macedonian adolescents
    (2014)
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    Nakjeva, Natasha
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    To assess the anthropometric parameters of growth and nutritional status in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) of Macedonian adolescents.
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    Disk herniations and cauda equine compression in different lumbosacral transitional anatomy types
    (Medical faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University Skopje, Macedonia, 2018)
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    Chabukovska Radulovska, Jasmina
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    Sex and age specific differences of anthropometric parameters in Macedonian adolescents
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2015)
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    Janevska Nakeva, Natasa
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    The aim of this study was to evaluate sex and age-specific differences of anthropometric parameters in Macedonian adolescents. This study included 1183 adolescent students (622 males and 561 females) at the age of 15 to 18 years. Anthropometric parameters, which define longitudinal and transversal measures of skeleton, were measured using standard equipment and measurement technique. BMI was calculated from body height and weight (kg/m2 ). Two skin-folds were measured: triceps and subscapular. We found a significant sex-specific difference for body height, weight, elbow and knee diameter at the age of 15 to 18 years in favour of boys. Height, weight and two transversal parameters had higher values in boys.Triceps and subscapular skin-folds as indicators for subcutaneous fat component and a valuable technique for evaluating the nutritional status had higher values in females in all age groups. Sex-specific differences were registered for triceps skin-fold at the age of 15 to 18 years, and for subscapular skin-fold at the age from 15 to 17 years in favor of females. Populations share their own genetic background and environmental factors, so anthropometric characteristics of the body of Macedonian adolescents can be used as criteria for the assessment of growth and nutrition within this group.
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    Sex and ethnic differences of somatotype in Macedonian adolescents
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2016)
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    Janevska Nakeva, Natasa
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    Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-specific and ethnic differences of somatotype in Macedonian adolescents at the age of 18 years. Methods. In this study 269 adolescent students (137 males and 132 females), from Macedonian and Albanian nationality at age of 18 years were included from secondary schools in three cities (Skopje, Ohrid and Strumica) in R. Macedonia. Ten anthropometric parameters were measured using standard equipment and measurement technique to assess the somatotype according to Heat–Carter somatotyping method. Results. There were significant sex differences for mesomorph component in both ethnic groups in favor of male adolescents, and significant sex differences for endomorph component in favor of females from Albanian nationality. Males from both ethnic groups were more mesomorphic than females and belonged to mesomorph-endomorph, endomorph mesomorph, balanced ectomorph and central somatotype. Females were more endomorphic and belonged to endomorph-ectomorph, ectomorphic endomorph, balanced endomorph, mesomorph endomorph. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that ethnic groups should be taken in mind for easier evaluation and understanding of differences in anthropometric parameters of growth, body shape and composition in Macedonian adolescents.
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    Anthropometric parameters and indexes in 9 year-old-children from R. North Macedonia
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2021-04-02)
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    The aim of the study was the detection of sex-specific differences of anthropometric parameters and indexes that were used as indicators of growth and nutritional status in the 9-year-old-children from R.North Macedonia.The study included 280 healthy children aged 9 (140 boys, 140 girls) from R.North Macedonia. Fourteen anthropometric parameters were measured which define longitudinal, circular and transversal measures of skeleton using standard equipment and measurement technique. The following indicators were calculated: weight-for-age (BW), height-for-age (BH), BMI, mid-upper circumference-for-age (MUAC) and skinfolds thickness (scapula SFSc and triceps SFTr)-for-age.The results have shown significant sex-specific differences in favour of boys for the height, four transversal and three circular parameters, with exception of mid-upper-arm circumference and skinfolds that were apparently higer in girls. Values of the 50th percentile in boys were as follows: 33 kg for BW, 136 cm for BH and 17.65 kg/m2 for BMI, 19.8 cm for MUAC and for skinfolds: SFSc 8 mm and 12 mm for SFTr.The values of these parameters in girls were: 32 kg for BW, 135cm for BH and 17.47 kg/m 2 for BMI. 20.8 cm for MUAC and for SFSc 9.8 mm and 12.8 mm for SFTr .These results can be used as criteria for the assessment of the morphological characteristics and detection of deviations in the growth and nutritional status in children aged 9.
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    Correlation between detected respiratory pathogens and lung function in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2021)
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