Nakov, Dimitar

Preferred name

Nakov, Dimitar

Official Name

Nakov, Dimitar

Main Affiliation

nakovd@zf.ukim.edu.mk

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DETERMINATION OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDE IN PIG PRODUCTION CHAIN IN MACEDONIA BY GAMMA SPECTROMETRY
(National and University Library of the Republic of Srpska, 2016-11-28)
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Angjeleska, Aleksandra
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Pacinovski, Nikola
<jats:p>Exposure of animals to ionizing irradiation may be a important pathway fortransfer of radionuclides to human food chain, thereby adding to the exposureburden. Therefore, radiation control of animal feeds and animal products willreduce risk for radioactive hazards to human health. The study was carried out inorder to detect the natural radioactivity in edible parts of pigs, excrements andfeeds in one commercial pig breeding farm in Macedonia. Therefore, 40K, 212Pb,214Pb, 228Ac, 235U, 241Am, 212Bi, 214Bi, 232Th, 7Be and 226Ra were measured usinggamma spectrometry. Gamma spectrometer Canberra Packard with a high-puritygermanium detector and Marinelli beakers (1 l capacity) were used for the samplesmeasurement. The most prominent gamma energies observed in the spectrabelonged to the naturally occurring radionuclides 40K, 235U and 232Th. Othernuclides if present occurred infrequently at low levels. The result show that 40Kmade the largest contribution to the specific radioactivity in all the samples. Themean activity concentration of the 40K in edible organs (kidney and liver), muscle,excrements and feeds was: 73.39±9.109 Bq/kg; 111.26±3.88 Bq/kg; 298.80±38.51Bq/kg; 83.60±10.279 Bq/kg, respectively. The 235U and 232Th were detectible onlyin feed samples (0.53±0.293 Bq/kg; 163.69±23.791 Bq/kg, respectively) andsamples from excrements (0.25±0.021 Bq/kg; 58.17±1.062 Bq/kg, respectively).The other radionuclides were detected only in few samples and the measuredactivities were below the detection limit. If we take in consideration the activityconcentration of the most frequently occurred 40K found in all samples, than therewas statistical significant difference between radioactivity concentration in organs,muscle, excrements and feeds (p<0.001).</jats:p>
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The Effect of Thermal Environment on Daily Milk Yield of Dairy Cows
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2016-10-01)
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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of environmental air temperatures on the milk production of dairy cows. Therefore, the experiment was carried out at the height of summer (from 15<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> of June to 15<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> of September) in three small family dairy farms and one commercial dairy farm. In total, 51 dairy cows from the black-white breed were subjected to the study. The season of research was divided into three periods: the period before the hot season, the period of the hot season and the period after the hot season. In each period there were three test days selected that were used for recording the air temperature inside and outside the barns and cow’s daily milk yield. Unvaried associations between the test day milk yield of cows and independent environmental and cow factors were done using the linear mixed model for repeated measurements. The statistical model showed that the farm management system and the hot season of the year had significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at the level of p<0.001. The test day per periods of the season when milk control was performed and the average test day environmental temperature showed statistically significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at level p<0.01. The present results revealed that environmental air temperatures contributes to considerable loss in the milk production of dairy cows.</jats:p>
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THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF Salmonella enteritidis
(Faculty of Agriculture of Goce Delcev University, 2019)
Stojiljkovic, Jasmina
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Plant essential oils have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties and therefore have potential usage as natural antimicrobials of food. The aim of the study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of sweet basil and thyme essential oils against growth and reproduction of Salmonella enteritidis reference test strain ATCC 13076 and food isolated Salmonella enteritidis - epidemic strain (group D) cultivated on plate. Therefore, the samples were prepared as a dip application from different concentrations of sweet basil and thyme essential oils (1; 2.5 and 5%) with initial concentration of bacteria from 109 CFU/mL and were cultivated on plate. The control samples were prepared as dip application of bacteria without added essential oils. All samples were exposed at 37°C and 46°C. The growth of Salmonella enteritidis reference test strain ATCC 13076 and Salmonella enteritidis - epidemic strain was observed only in the control samples without added sweet basil and thyme essential oils. There wasn’t any growth of Salmonella еnteritidis in the samples dipped in the 1; 2.5 and 5% sweet basil and thyme essential oils. The results from the ANOVA indicate that the utilized essential oils in combination with temperature regime was significantly (p <0.001) reduced the Log10 concentration (enumeration) of the booth strains of Salmonella enteritidis. These results support the possibility of using sweet basil and thyme essential oil as natural preservatives in food to contribute in the reduction of Salmonella enteritidis at acceptable levels in view to prevent the risk for consumers.
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Methodologies for Assessing Disease Tolerance in Pigs
(Frontiers Media SA, 2019-01-09)
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Hristov, Slavcha
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Stankovic, Branislav
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Pol, Françoise
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Dimitrov, Ivan
Features of intensive farming can seriously threaten pig homeostasis, well-being and productivity. Disease tolerance of an organism is the adaptive ability in preserving homeostasis and at the same time limiting the detrimental impact that infection can inflict on its health and performance without affecting pathogen burden per se. While disease resistance (DRs ) can be assessed measuring appropriately the pathogen burden within the host, the tolerance cannot be quantified easily. Indeed, it requires the assessment of the changes in performance as well as the changes in pathogen burden. In this paper, special attention is given to criteria required to standardize methodologies for assessing disease tolerance (DT) in respect of infectious diseases in pigs. The concept is applied to different areas of expertise and specific examples are given. The basic physiological mechanisms of DT are reviewed. Disease tolerance pathways, genetics of the tolerance-related traits, stress and disease tolerance, and role of metabolic stress in DT are described. In addition, methodologies based on monitoring of growth and reproductive performance, welfare, emotional affective states, sickness behavior for assessment of disease tolerance, and methodologies based on the relationship between environmental challenges and disease tolerance are considered. Automated Precision Livestock Farming technologies available for monitoring performance, health and welfare-related measures in pig farms, and their limitations regarding DT in pigs are also presented. Since defining standardized methodologies for assessing DT is a serious challenge for biologists, animal scientists and veterinarians, this work should contribute to improvement of health, welfare and production in pigs.
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Evaluation of the in vitro bee venom release and skin absorption from bioadhesive gel formulation
(Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association, 2020-10-29)
Mircevska, Angela
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Ivanoska, Tamara
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Mutapcic, Lejla
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Shalabalija, Dushko
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Mihailova, Ljubica
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The most important dilemmas regarding the welfare of farm animals
(National Library of Serbia, 2019)
Hristov, Slavca
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Stankovic, Branislav
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Ostojic-Andric, Dusica
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Maksimovic, Nevena
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In this review paper, contradictions in modern livestock production as dilemmas of farm animal welfare are considered. The main dilemma concerns the question of whether extensive production in small farms is generally better than intensive production in large farms. The next dilemma relates to an intensive selection of animals and its impact on the emergence of welfare problems. Another dilemma is related to the two main interconnected problems of pig welfare in individual farrowing pens: the piglet death by crushing and the sows’ movement restriction. Similarly, welfare dilemma is the paradox of parent flocks of broiler line breeding that could not be solved until the pressure for genetic advancement in production is required due to the economic efficiency. The next example of the dilemma is the widespread practice of tail docking in piglets in order to reduce the risk of tail biting. Although the tail docking is painful and may cause death, anaesthesia is usually not applied on farms. A similar example of the dilemma is debeaking in the laying hens and the occurrence of feather pecking in free rearing systems. It is important to notice the difference between the described dilemmas, where one premise opposes the other, which is essentially a conflict between the animal welfare goals and other values, such as economic, ethical and moral issues. Finally, there are also some dilemmas about the consumers’ willingness to pay a higher price of products that originate from welfare friendly rearing conditions.
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Confronting Views of Companies and Authorities on Food Safety Issues—A Cross-Country Survey
(MDPI AG, 2024-03-01)
Djekic, Ilija
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Hambardzumyan, Garegin
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Nikolić, Aleksandra
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Mujčinović, Alen
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<jats:p>This study investigated food safety issues as perceived by food companies and food safety authorities in six countries in Europe and Central Asia. A total of 66 companies and 16 authorities participated in the survey. The results provide important insights related to what the main food safety priorities are, how they are addressed in the countries that participated in the survey, and what the role of the main stakeholders is in the food value chain. Almost 50% of food companies identified ‘food fraud’ as the most influential food safety attribute. One-third of food safety authorities recognized ‘food safety management system’ as the most influential food safety attribute. Principal component analysis separated food safety statements into two dimensions named ‘food safety hazards and risks’ and ‘food safety system’. Although there are slight differences in food safety statements between the two stakeholders, i.e., food companies and food safety authorities, it is the country of origin that plays a more important role in understanding their views. Food companies will need to implement a systemic approach and transform the entire food value chain continuum while considering new food safety challenges. It is expected that food safety authorities will have to play a more proactive role in the future.</jats:p>
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MONITORING UDDER HEALTH AND MILK HYGIENE ON-FARM USING QUICK SCREENING METHODS
(Faculty of Agriculture of Goce Delcev University, 2018)
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In this paper the use of on-farm screening methods for monitoring udder health and milk quality are discussed. Special attention was given to the evaluation of the usefulness of California mastitis test (CMT) as quick field screening test for detection of udder quarters with an intra-mammary infections caused by major mastitis pathogens. Application of CMT in dairy herd health management in period of early lactation is illustrated through the two years cross sectional study that was carried out to screening the quarter milk samples with abnormal milk secretion (AMS) and using of microbiological culture for detection of inframammary infections (IMI). The quarter milk samples were obtained in two periods of early lactation: the period from calving until 21st day in lactation and period from 22nd to 42nd day in lactation. The quarter level prevalence of AMS and IMI in the first 21 days in lactation was 5.33% and 4.03%, and up to the 42 days in lactation the prevalence of AMS and IMI was 5.45% and 4.38%, respectively. The prevalence of AMS and IMI from udder quarters that show a positive reaction on CMT in the first 21 days in lactation was 56.96 and 55.42; and 55.42 and 44.58 in the period from 22nd to 42nd day in lactation, respectively. The results indicated that positive CMT reaction in early lactation may be a good indicator for IMI; there was a significant association between the frequency of isolation of major pathogens and the CMT score in milk samples obtained in the period of early lactation (Pearson’s χ2=240.031, df=9, P<0.001).
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Attitudes and beliefs of Eastern European consumers towards piglet castration and meat from castrated pigs
(Elsevier BV, 2020-02)
Tomasevic, Igor
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Bahelka, Ivan
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Čandek-Potokar, Marjeta
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Čítek, Jaroslav
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Djekić, Ilija
Castration of male piglets is a common practice to avoid boar taint but is being questioned. The present work has an exploratory character and aims to investigate the beliefs and attitudes of Eastern European consumers regarding boar taint, surgical castration immunocastration and perception of meat from castrated pigs and to find out possible segments of consumers regarding these attitudes and beliefs. For this purpose, a consumer study was carried out involving 5508 consumers from 13 Eastern European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, North Macedonia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine). The questionnaire included statements related to beliefs about castration and perception of meat from castrated pigs, attitudes towards meat from castrated pigs. Results show that in general beliefs and attitudes of the consumers are not defined, probably because of the lack of knowledge (information was not provided to the consumers) towards these issues. Three different clusters of consumers were obtained with different beliefs towards castration.
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GROWTH OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN EGG-BASED PASTA
(INSTITUTE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SKOPJE, 2019-12)
Stojiljkovic, Jasmina
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Velkoska Nakova, Valentina
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The food safety is significant health and economic issue. Many foodborne microorganisms are causing alimentary infection and they are main reason for millions of disease outbreaks worldwide. Salmonella enterica subsp. entericа serovar Enteritidis is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne human disease. Salmonella spp. are alive to heat, pH value highest than 9.0 and lower than 4.5 have bactericidal effect and aw for their growth is lower than 0.93. The bacteria from genus Salmonella appears to be resistance to drying, slating and smocking and therefore they can be found in the wide types of food. The aim of the paper was to review the literature data for foodborne salmonellosis prevalence in human with attention to growth in egg-based pasta. Pasta is a useful food for people and has a significant place in the diet. They are cheap, easy for cooking, and wholesome, and can be stored for a long period compared with some other foods. The basic raw materials for production of pasta are flour and chicken's eggs. Since eggs are used for the production of pasta, due to insufficient thermal treatment of the mixture during the pasta drying phase, they can be a potential risk for the presence of bacteria implicating the high risk to consumer health. Inside the egg, the growth of Salmonella is facilitated by the temperature of storage. Eggs should be stored at a constant temperature that should not exceed 20oC. If Salmonella reaches the egg yolk, it can grow rapidly even at room temperature (25oC). The high incidence of salmonellosis can be preventing by using the fresh eggs and practicing GHP during food manufacturing. The conditions for fresh pasta drying have a great influence on the final product quality from the aspect of texture and consistency. The thermal treatment of fresh pasta at 102°C for 100 seconds and packing at modified atmosphere can prevent the microbiological hazards in the final product. In order to eliminate or reduce microbiological risks in pasta, it should be useful the knowledge of the antimicrobial ability of plants essential oils and possibilities for their application in the technology of pasta production.

Nakov, Dimitar

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