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    Morphologic characteristics of sacra associated with assimilation of the last lumbar vertebra
    (VM Media sp. z o.o. VM Group sp.k., Grupa Via Medica, 2016)
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    Zhivadinovik, Julija
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    Background: The impact of lumbosacral transitional states on biomechanics of load transmission between the spine and the legs has been sporadically reported. The aims of the study were to identify morphostructural alterations of sacra associated with assimilation of the last lumbar vertebra and to analyse them in the light of their biomechanical impact. Materials and methods: Linear dimensions of sacrum, its body and base and articular surfaces were measured in 31 normal and 41 transitory sacra. Nineteen sacra presented articular and 22 osseous fusion of the last lumbar vertebra. Measured parameters were compared between normal sacra and the two variations of transitory sacra. Results: Sacra with articular fusion of the last lumbar vertebra showed more pronounced concavity of the sacral curvature and wider than long sacral bodies. The first sacral segment was modified, broaden, ventrally wider and elevated. Almost the whole segment bore at its sides auricular surfaces. Very small portion of the segment was non-articular with less pronounced wedging. Sacra with osseous fusion of the last lumbar vertebra showed similar concavity of the sacral curvature as normal sacra, but longer than wide sacral bodies. The ventral sloping half of the newly formed first segment bore auricular surfaces. The non-articular part was enlarged with pronounced wedging. Conclusions: The term "sacralisation" includes both types of transitory sacra with mutually different morphostructural characteristics in contrast to the normal sacra. Analysis of these morphologic variations may help in understanding the different biomechanical properties and patterns of load transmission.
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    The role of alcohol and patterns of alcohol-related deaths in Republic of North Macedonia within the period 2007-2020
    (Springer Link, 2023-11-10)
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    Zhivikj, Zoran
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    Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most important factors in a substantial number of violent deaths. The aim of our study was to investigate alcohol-related deaths in the Republic of North Macedonia in the period from 2007 to 2020, in order to study the influence of elevated blood alcohol levels in violent deaths. Five hundred sixty-four post-mortem blood samples from alcohol-related death cases-natural deaths and violent deaths (suicides, accidents, and homicides)-were analyzed, and the results were evaluated according to sex, age, and cause of death. Among 564 cases, traffic accidents were the leading cause of violent death (54.3% of the cases) followed by suicides (19.9% of the cases). In the examined post-mortem samples, BAC values ranged from 0.15-6.20 g/L. The average age was 45 ± 16 years for the male and 49 ± 19 years for the female group. The biggest proportion of high BAC values was found in the group of accidents specifically road traffic accidents and accidental intoxication as well as in the group of bolus deaths. The analysis of BAC in the cases of violent deaths in the Republic of North Macedonia confirmed that consumption of alcohol is strongly related to violent deaths. The data obtained from this study could raise caution and give aid in a national strategy for the prevention of alcohol-related violent deaths.
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    Measurement-oriented deep-learning workflow for improved segmentation of myelin and axons in high-resolution images of human cerebral white matter
    (Elsevier BV, 2019-10)
    Janjic, Predrag
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    Petrovski, Kristijan
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    Dolgoski, Blagoja
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    Smiley, John
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    Background: Standard segmentation of high-contrast electron micrographs (EM) identifies myelin accurately but does not translate easily into measurements of individual axons and their myelin, even in cross-sections of parallel fibers. We describe automated segmentation and measurement of each myelinated axon and its sheath in EMs of arbitrarily oriented human white matter from autopsies. New methods: Preliminary segmentation of myelin, axons and background by machine learning, using selected filters, precedes automated correction of systematic errors. Final segmentation is done by a deep neural network (DNN). Automated measurement of each putative fiber rejects measures encountering pre-defined artifacts and excludes fibers failing to satisfy pre-defined conditions. Results: Improved segmentation of three sets of 30 annotated images each (two sets from human prefrontal white matter and one from human optic nerve) is achieved with a DNN trained only with a subset of the first set from prefrontal white matter. Total number of myelinated axons identified by the DNN differed from expert segmentation by 0.2%, 2.9%, and -5.1%, respectively. G-ratios differed by 2.96%, 0.74% and 2.83%. Intraclass correlation coefficients between DNN and annotated segmentation were mostly>0.9, indicating nearly interchangeable performance. Comparison with existing method(s): Measurement-oriented studies of arbitrarily oriented fibers from central white matter are rare. Published methods are typically applied to cross-sections of fascicles and measure aggregated areas of myelin sheaths and axons, allowing estimation only of average g-ratio. Conclusions: Automated segmentation and measurement of axons and myelin is complex. We report a feasible approach that has so far proven comparable to manual segmentation.
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    Судско-медицинска анализа на ненадејна смрт кај наркомани
    (Македонско Лекарско Друштво, 1999-10)
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    Квалификацијата на телесните повреди како комплексен, сеопфатен и динамички процес
    (Македонско Лекарско Друштво, 2003-06)
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    Duma, Aleksej
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    Boshkovski, K
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    Forensic DNA analysis in the identification of human remains in mass graves
    (2010)
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    Biljana Janeska
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    Routine techniques are often insufficient to address the identification of human remains in mass graves. The major complicating factors include delayed exhumation, commingling of skeletal remains, lack of ante-mortem information and attempts to conceal evidence of criminal activity. We have elaborated a study on two mass graves that contained partly fragmented commingled remains from the ethnic conflicts that took place in 2001 in the Republic of Macedonia. By using DNA typing of autosomal and Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers and by making comparisons with samples from parents and siblings we identified all of the victims.
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    Age identification in children and youngsters
    (Slovenska Sudnolekarska Spolovnost Slovenskej Lekarskej Spolocnosti, 2017-05)
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