Boshkovska, Katerina

Preferred name

Official Name

Boshkovska, Katerina

Alternative Name

Katerina, Boskovska

Boskovska, Katerina

Бошковска, Катерина

Katerina, Boshkovska

K Boshkovska

K Boskovska

К Бошковска

Main Affiliation

Now showing 1 - 10 of 21

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Rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing compared with RT-qPCR in patients suspected for COVID-19
(European Respiratory Society, 2021-09-05)
Popova, Gorica
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Comparison of IFN-γ Levels in Children with Tuberculosis Disease (TB) and Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)
(Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI, 2018-11-25)
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Simonovska, Liljana
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Dilberovska, Mirjana
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Dacevski, Dragan
This study aimed to evaluate the importance of IFN-γ in the diagnosis of pediatric TB and LTBI and to compare the IFN-γ levels.
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Comparison of Oxidative Stress Levels in Healthy Children and Children with Allergic Rhinitis
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-03-01)
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Background/aim: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Under the influence of exogenous factors - allergens, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released during cellular metabolism. They induce a series of pathological changes in the mucosa. Oxidative stress is а result of an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability to neutralize them. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of oxidative stress between healthy children and children with allergic rhinitis. Material and methods: A total number of 60 children were included (30 healthy children and 30 children with AR). The oxidative stress index was determined by using the FRAS 5 (Free Radical Analytical System) Bravo system. Demographic characteristics, medical history, children's living conditions and eating habits were obtained from the questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and the absolute number of eosinophils in the peripheral smear were performed on each child. Results: This study showed high oxidative stress index and a significantly higher value of the absolute number of eosinophils in the peripheral smear in children with AR in comparison to healthy children (p<0.05). The group of children with AR had more atopic characteristics and was more exposed to passive smoking than healthy children. Conclusion: Compared to healthy children, children with AR have a high index of oxidative stress, despite of the very high mean value of the concentration of water-soluble antioxidants in serum (PAT test) in the group of children with AR.
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TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS IN CHILDREN –14 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2023)
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Ivanovska, Julija
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Nestorov, Hristijan
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Popova, Gorica
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Petlichkovska, Sandra
Tuberculosis (TB)is a major public health problem worldwide. It is one of the main causes of infectious disease and mortality, especially in developing countries. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 15-20 % of all types of tuberculosis. Lymph nodes are the second most common localization after pleural TB. In childhood, the most commonly envolved are the hilar lymph nodes. Material and methods: We analyzed the frequency of tuberculous lymphadenitis in children treated at the Institute for respiratory diseses in children-Kozle, in the last 14 years. From January 2006 to February 2020 , we’ve treated 397 children with TB. 55 of them (13,8%), were with tuberculous lymphadenitis. Female children were 34 (61%), the others were male.The most frequent was hilar lymphadenitis at 40 (72%), second localization were cervical lymph nodes in 10( 18%). There was 1 child with submandibular localization,1 supraclavicular, 2children with axillary lymphadenitis and one with mesenterial lymphadenitis. Most of the patients had contact with TB. The diagnosis was confirmed pathohistological in the patients with peripheral lymphadenitis. Tuberculosis treatment was started in all patients based on clinical criteria, exposure, positive TST, chest X-ray, or histological confirmation. All of the patients have finished the treatment successfully. Tuberculous lymphadenitis can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in children. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy lead to favorable therapeutic outcome and reduce complications.
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SKIN MANIFESTATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH COVID 19
(Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2022)
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Spasova, Olga
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Children are a unique subgroup of patients in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, often presenting asymptomatically, mildly or atypically. Initial reports did not include skin manifestations as a feature of COVID-19, however, there is a growing repertoire of reports showing a range of dermatologic skin manifestations in children. Six clinical skin manifestations have been described: urticaria, maculo-papular rash, morbilliform eruption, vesicular rash, lividor-reticular and multiform rash. Dermatological features occur before or simultaneously with other manifestations of COVID-19. Doctors play a key role in diagnosing patients with COVID-19 who may present for the first time unknowingly showing early signs of the disease. In this report are presented 4 patients with Covid 19 infection, where the skin is the target organ of the virus. In all children, the skin manifestation is different, their markers of inflammation are different and the treatment is not the same. In patient number 1, we look at the benefit of immunoglobulins in viral infections and consider their use in COVID-19 infection. Skin changes should never be ignored. The rash can spread and lead to a severe form of the disease. Skin manifestations may be the primary [or only] manifestation of a sign. It is extremely important to recognize it in time and to treat it accordingly.
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Utility of exhaled nitric oxide in pediatric practice-review of literature.
(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2019)
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Popova, Gorica
The field of interest for measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and nasal NO is significantly evolving over the last 25 years, with over 1000 publications published in that area. Inflammation of the airways is a central process in asthma and other lung disorders, but the monitoring of the inflammation has not been included in the current recommendations. The exhaled air contains volatile media such as nitric monoxide, carbon monoxide, ethane, pentane and non-volatile substances in the liquid phase in the exhalation, as a condensate (hydrogen peroxide). It is increasingly confirmed that the measurement of exhaled mediators in general, and especially NO, is a new way to monitor certain aspects of asthma, COPD and interstitial lung disease, which cannot be estimated with other methods, like lung function. In asthma, exhaled NO is recommended to be used as a marker for diagnosis, for monitoring the response of anti-inflammatory drugs, confirming the safety of therapy and predicting asthma exacerbation. Measurements of FeNO are easily performed, they are reproducible and technically less expensive than the analysis of induced sputum. In symptomatic patients, high FeNO levels (> 50 ppb), refer to significant eosinophilia in the airways, which will most likely respond to treatment with ICS. The current data provides support for the diagnostic use of FeNO in children with symptoms of asthma. For patients with chronic and/or severe asthma, FeNO levels are useful for determining whether eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is active or not. Both high (> 50ppb) and low (<25 ppb) levels of FeNO can be used to for predicting the outcome in patients with a definitive history of asthma who are currently in remission and who have stopped treatment with ICS.
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Sputum quality assessment regarding sputum culture for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infections in children.
(ID Design Press,Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2019-06-30)
Popova, Gorica
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Spasova Smilevska, Olga
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BACKGROUND:The clinical relevance of specimens from the lower airways is often debatable. However, they are most commonly examined for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).AIM:This study aimedto determine the diagnostic value of sputum quality assessment aboutsputum culture for diagnosing LRTIs in children.METHODS:In six months, a total of 1485 sputum samples were quality assessed by using Bartlett’s grading system. All samples, regardless of their quality, were cultured, identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method.RESULTS:Among the acceptable category, defined by Bartlett’s grading system, 132 (63.2%) samples showed culture positivity of which Streptococcus pneumoniae48 (36.4%) was most commonly isolated, followed by Moraxella catarrhalis22 (16.7%) and Haemophilus influenza21 (15.9%). Among the non-acceptable category, 185 (14.5%) samples were culture positive of which most commonly isolated were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aeruginosawith 64 (34.6%), 54 (29.2%) and 28 (15.1%), respectively.CONCLUSION:Sputum quality assessment is a useful tool for distinguishing the true respiratory pathogens from possible colonising flora for which antibiotic treatment should not be highly considered.
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EVALUATION OF THE ANALYTICAL VALUE OF SARS-CoV-2 ANTIGEN TEST IN RELATION TO Ct-VALUES OF RT-qPCR IN PATIENTS SUSPECTED OF COVID-19
(Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian Medical Association, 2021)
Popova, Gorica
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Introduction. COVID-19 pandemic threatens global human health. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a reference test for identification of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is associated with results delay. There is a need of fast and reliable tests which can improve the efforts of controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the analytical value of the rapid SARS-CoV-2 Ag-test in relation to the Ct values of the RT-qPCR. Methods. The study group comprised outpatients suspected for COVID-19, sampled twice, first for the routine RT-qPCR, and second for SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing. The results obtained by the rapid antigen test (Panbio™ COVID-19) were evaluated in relation to Ct values of the SARS-CoV-2 E-gene, obtained by RTqPCR Allplex 19-nCoV multiplex assay platform. Results. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, based on RT-qPCR, was 50.8% (186/366). Specificity of the PanbioTM COVID- 19 Ag Rapid Test was 100%. Test sensitivity was 73.8%. Restricting RT-qPCR to Ct-values<30 increased test sensitivity to 91.2%. Conclusion. The findings underscored the epidemiological value of the rapid Ag-test since it reliably identifies contagious SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals who actively spread the virus in the community.
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Etiology, epidemiology, clinical implications and treatment of acute bronchiolitis-a review of the literature
(Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2013)
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Petrushevska-Kolekevska, Lidija
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Dilberovska, Mirjana
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Popova, Gorica
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Stevic, Valentina
Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection that is one of the leading causes for hospitalization in young children. Despite the fact that etiology and clinical sings of the disease are well-known, in this article we will give summary of the latest scientific data related to the bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis still remains an active field for research with many open questions still remains to be answered – ista recenica. Majority of bronchiolitis episodes are caused by respiratory syncytial virus and most often occur in children aged between two and 24 months. Most children get better with supportive care at home. A small number of children require hospitalization and treatment with oxygen and hydration.
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Comparison od IFN-γ levels in children with tuberculosis desease(TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).
(ID Design Press,Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, 2018-11-25)
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Simonovska, Liljana
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Dilberovska, Mirjana
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Dacevski, Dragan
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the importance of IFN-γ in the diagnosis of pediatric TB and LTBI and to compare the IFN-γ levels. METHODS: We analysed 100 patients examined for possible M. tuberculosis infection or disease at the Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Children, Kozle, Skopje. Patients were divided into 2 groups: TB disease and LTBI. The following parameters were analyzed: demographic characteristics, history of previous exposure to active TB, BCG vaccination and presence of BCG scar, lung X-ray findings, tuberculin skin test by the Monteux method and the value of INF-γ according to the Quantiferon TB gold test, direct samples of acid-alcohol-resistant bacilli of sputum and Löwenstein Jensen cultures. Informed parental consent was obtained for each child included in the study. RESULTS: In the LTBI group 60.9% had a scar from the vaccination while in the TB group 50% had BCG scar. TST induration diameters in children with or without BCG scar were significantly larger in patients with active TB. Children with active TB had significantly higher IFN-γ levels than children with LTBI. The IFN-γ for the cut-off of 0.35 IU/ml, has 64% sensitivity for detection of LTBI, versus 80.6% sensitivity for active disease. Children with close TB contact had significantly higher IFN-γ levels. Correlation between TST induration diameter and IFN-γ levels was stronger in the TB group. CONCLUSION: IFN-γ levels are significantly higher in children with active TB, and children with close contact with TB patient. It has better sensitivity in active TB. Using both tests (IFN-γ and TST) can improve the diagnose of LTBI and TB in countries where vaccination with BCG is widespread.

Boshkovska, Katerina

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