Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
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    Item type:Publication,
    Effect of nephrology referral on the initiation of haemodyalisis and mortality in ESRD patients
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2007-12)
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    Polenakovic, M
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    Gelev, S
    Late nephrology referral of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been suggested as increasing mortality after the initiation of dialysis. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of nephrology referral on the initiation of haemodyalisis (HD) and mortality during HD treatment in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who have died in our institution over a five-year period. We studied data from all 117 patients on HD treatment in our institution who died (after 90 days of HD treatment) in the period between 01.01. 2002 and 31.12. 2006. Early (ER) and late referral (LR) were defined by the time of follow-up by a nephrologist greater than or less than 6 months, respectively, before the initiation of haemodialysis. Out of a total of 117 patients, 37.6% (44 patients) started HD in the ER group and 62.4% (73 patients) in the LR group. At the start of HD, LR patients were older, had a higher proportion of temporary catheters and had a significantly lower levels of haemoglobin and diuresis. Creatinine clearance was less in the LR (7.67 +/- 3.86 ml/min/1.73 m2) vs. the ER group (8.70 +/- 3.62 ml/min/1.73 m2), but not significantly different. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), defined by a history of myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular disease, peripheral arteriopathy, and/or heart failure, was also significantly more common among LR patients compared to ER (56%; 27%, p = 0.002). During the haemodyalisis treatment, the LR group had significantly lower levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit. CVD accounted for about 64% of deaths observed in the LR group. According to echocardiography data, there were no significant differences in the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) between the LR and ER groups at the time of dialysis initiation, but during haemodialysis treatment the LR group had significantly greater LVMI than the ER group (232,96 +/- 92,48 g/m2 vs.184,09 +/- 51,74 g/m2; p = 0,031). The time until death in months during dialysis treatment was significantly different between the LR and ER group, (69.51 +/- 64.03 vs.113.27 +/- 89.03, p = 0.0025). LR patients experienced a greater degree of anaemia and a high prevalence of CVD at the time of dialysis initiation. Our data suggest that the anaemia, CV damage and progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the LR patients during haemodialysis treatment are associated with poor survival on haemodialysis.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Hypomagnesemia and cause-specific mortality in hemodialysis patients: 5-year follow-up analysis
    (SAGE Publications, 2017-10-13)
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    Tozija, Liljana
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    The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the association between serum magnesium (Mg) and mortality, in particular the cause-specific mortality of Mg and other risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Trend of Kidney Replacement Therapy in North Macedonia from the Years 2015 Through 2020
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts/Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024-11-01)
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    Simjanovska, Simona
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    Rushiti, Emine
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    Cibrev, Dragan
    Kidney replacement therapy (KRT) by dialysis or kidney transplantation represents the main treatment modalities for patients with kidney failure. Here we evaluate the trends in taking care of such patients in North Macedonia from 2015 through 2020.
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    Хемодинамички детерминанти на постдијализниот повратен скок на уреата
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association, 2003)
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    Grozdanovski, Risto
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    Dzikova, Sonja
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    The effect of certain clinical characteristics and dialysis parameters of the hemodialysis patients upon the appearance of postdialysis urea rebound (PDUR) are not clearly defined. The aim of the study was to found the hemodynamic determinants of PDUR and their participating in the prescribed dose of hemodialysis. We measured PDUR 30 minutes after dialysis in 64 chronic hemodialysis patients. We analyzed the arterial-hemodynamic parameters: predialysis and postdialysis blood pressure (Systolic blood pressure: SBP1 and SBP2, Diastolic blood pressure: DBP1 and DBP2, Mean blood pressure: MBP1 and MBP2), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistances (PREZ), access blood flow-Qbac above, Qbac below , Qb a.rad , Qb a.brach. The patient clearance time (tp) was calculated from the Tattersall equation where spKt/V and eKt/V are calculated by using 30 sec and 30 min. postdialysis urea concentrations. CO and access blood flow, were measured by Doppler after the dialysis session. The mean PDUR was 23.34 ± 12.82 % and correlated negatively with predialysis and postdialysis blood pressure, especially with MBP2 – mean postdialysis blood pressure (r = -0.3235, p=0.0093 ), with CO (r = -0.3102, p=0.0225), with Q.a. brach. (r = -0.3274, p=0.0281). SpKt/V was 1.39 ± 0.25 and eKt/V was 1.16 ± 0.20, while tp expressed in the minutes was 50.24 ± 24.06 and strongly correlated with PDUR, r = 0.944, p= 0.00. The patients with MBP2 < 100 mmHg (MBP2 83.44 ± 12.06 ) and the patients with CO <5.6 l/min (CO 4.29 ± 0.89) had statistically significant higher PDUR than the patients with MBP2 ≥ 100 and the patients with CO > 5.6 l/min. We can conclude from the study that hemodialysis patients with lower blood pressure and lower cardiac output have higher PDUR. These patients should have longer prescription time regarding their long clearance time.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Quality of Health Care and Mortality - Three Years of Experience
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists and Morphologists, 2018)
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    Renal resistive index and arterial stiffness in kidney transplanted patients
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2019)
    Pavleska Kuzmanoska, Svetlana
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    Inflammation predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in haemodialysis patients
    (Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006-07)
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    Zafirovska, K
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    Gelev, S
    Among non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors both malnutrition and inflammation appear to be strong predictors of mortality and morbidity in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Our study objective was to determine predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, considering the nutritional and immunologic parameters, in a cohort of HD patients treated in a single haemodialysis centre. 216 patients on HD were analyzed for clinical, nutritional-serum albumen and BMI, immunologic-serum CRP (C-reactive protein) and fibrinogen and dialysis parameters -- ultrafiltration, length of dialysis in hours, HD dose (using spKt/V and eKt/V). Mortality was monitored prospectively over a two-year period. Fifty-five of the 216 HD patients died during the follow-up period and the main cause of death was cardiovascular disease (CVD) -- 33 patients out of 55 (60%), followed by infection/sepsis (13 pts, 24%). The patients who died were significantly older, had a significantly shorter duration of HD in hours, ultrafiltration was significantly less, HD doses were significantly lower, as were serum levels of albumin (36.06 +/- 4.17 vs. 39.74 +/- 3.31; p=0.000) and Hg (93.14 +/- 15.43 vs. 109,16 +/- 12,08; p=0.000), but they had significantly higher serum levels of CRP (40.26 +/- 34.75 vs. 8.71 +/- 7.68, p=0.000) and fibrinogen (5.28 +/- 1.28 vs. 4.42 +/- 0.97, p=0.000). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed that the group with the lowest levels of albumin (< 3.5 g/L), and with the greatest levels of CRP (>20 mg/l) and fibrinogen (>5 g/L) had the lowest survival (log-rank test p=0.0008, p=0.00000, p=0.0000). However, in the Cox proportional hazards model, a high CRP and low Hg level (chi-square=96.467, p=0.0000) were predictors of all-cause mortality, whereas serum level of albumin did not show to be predictive. When only cardiovascular mortality is entered into the Cox model, CRP and Hg levels are still more important in predicting mortality (chi-square=70.055, p=0.0000) and only if CRP is not taken into account in the multivariate analysis, serum albumin level remains, after Hg, the strongest predictor for both overall and cardiovascular mortality (chi-square=76,564, p=0.0000; chi-square 50.619 p=0.0000). It can be concluded that inflammation predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in our study group, because high CRP, as a marker of inflammation and low haemoglobin, as a result of inflammation, remained powerful predictors of both overall and cardiovascular death.
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    Item type:Publication,
    C-reactive protein predicts all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients
    (Macedonian Society of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artifical Organs, Department of Nephrology, 2005)
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    Grozdanovski, R
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    Amitov, V
    Mortality in dialysis patients remains extremely high despite significant improvements in the provision of dialysis over the past 20 years. It once was believed that factors related to dialysis treatment and technique were the main causes of poor clinical outcome, but a recent multicenter, randomized clinical trial known as the HEMO Study failed to show an improvement in mortality or hospitalization by increasing dialysis dose or using high- flux dialysis membranes1. The medical determinants of mortality in dialysis patients are well appreciated, but available evidence suggests that among potential candidates for the high rate of hospitalization and mortality in dialysis patients both malnutrition and inflammation continue to be at the top of the list. Epidemiological studies repeatedly and consistently have shown a strong association between clinical outcome and inflammation in dialysis patients 2, 3. Our study objective was to evaluate the factors associated with all-cause mortality in a cohort of hemodialysis patients treated in a single hemodialysis center
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    Pregnancy in End-stage Renal Disease Patients on Long-term Hemodialysis: Two Case Reports
    (Macedonian Society of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Artifical Organs, Department of Nephrology, 2010)
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    Tozija, Liljana
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    Gelev, Saso
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    Adamova, Gordana
    Although still uncommon, pregnancy in haemodialysis (HD) patients does occur and frequency has been increased in the past 20 years. But unfortunately, the rates for premature delivery, neonatal death, maternal hypertension, and preeclampsia in the pregnant HD patient are much higher than in the general population. Infants are often born both prematurely and small for gestational age. We report here two cases of pregnancy in women on long-term HD, one successfully and the other unsuccessfully managed, despite the same treatment strategy. Case 1 was a 43-year-old female patient, 10th gravida, after six years of maintenance HD whose pregnancy was successfully managed up to the 33rd week of gestation with a delivery of a healthy boy weighing 2,100 g. Case 2 was a 32-year-old female patient, 2nd gravida, after five years of maintenance HD, whose pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion with intrauterine death at week 19 of gestation. Maternal hypertension and anemia contributed partly to the unsuccessful outcome. A successful pregnancy in HD patients requires multidisciplinary management, but considering the previous nephrological/ prenatal/gynaecological/obstetric recommendations, many open questions remain when it comes to the best treatment and management of pregnancy in these women.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Timing of nephrology referral and initiation of dialysis as predictors for survival in hemodialysis patients: 5-year follow-up analysis
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2015-01)
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    Tozija, Liljana
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    Grozdanovski, Risto
    A consensus about the optimal timing of dialysis initiation is still controversial. Thus, the goal of this analysis was to compare outcomes in patients with early and late referral with early and late initiation of hemodialysis (HD).