Vlashki, Emilija

Preferred name

Vlashki, Emilija

Official Name

Vlashki, Emilija

Alternative Name

Vlaski, E.

Vlaski, Emilija

E Vlaski

Emilija Vlaski

Влашки, Емилија

Влашки, Е.

Vlaski E

Vlaski Emilija

Emilija, Vlaski

Vlaski, E

Main Affiliation

emilija.vlashki@medf.ukim.edu.mk

emilija.vlashki@gmail.com

Now showing 1 - 10 of 39

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Exposure to Cats and Dogs, and Symptoms of Asthma, Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Eczema
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2012-09)
Brunekreef, Bert
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Von Mutius, Erika
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Wong, Gary
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Odhiambo, Joseph
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García-Marcos, Luis
Background: Associations between exposure to cats and dogs and respiratory and allergic outcomes in children have been reported in affluent countries, but little is known about such associations in less-affluent countries. Methods: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, phase 3 was carried out in children aged 6–7 years and adolescents aged 13–14 years across the world. Questions about cats and dogs in the home were included in an additional questionnaire. Using logistic regression, we investigated the association between such exposures and symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema. Adjustments were made for sex, region of the world, language, gross national income per capita, and 10 other covariates. Results: Among children (6–7 years of age), cat exposure in the first year of life was associated with current symptoms of asthma, wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema, especially in less-affluent countries. Among adolescents (13–14 years of age), we found a positive association between exposure to cats or dogs and symptom prevalence in more-affluent and less-affluent countries. The global multivariate odds ratios for children with complete covariate data were 1.17 (95% confidence interval = 1.08 –1.29) for current symptoms of asthma, 1.13 (1.05–1.23) for rhinoconjunctivitis, and 1.38 (1.26 –1.52) for eczema. Smaller odds ratios were found for exposure to only dogs. Exposure to only cats was associated with eczema. Conclusion: Early-life exposure to cats is a risk factor for symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in 6- to 7-year-old children, especially in less-affluent countries. Current exposure to cats and dogs combined, and only to dogs, is a risk factor for symptom reporting by 13- to 14-year-old adolescents worldwide.
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Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study
(BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2014)
Irene Braithwaite
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Alistair W Stewart
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Robert J Hancox
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Richard Beasley
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Rinki Murphy
Objective: To investigate whether reported fast-food consumption over the previous year is associated with higher childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). Design: Secondary analysis from a multicentre, multicountry cross-sectional study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) Phase Three). Subjects and methods: Parents/guardians of children aged 6–7 completed questionnaires which included questions about their children’s asthma and allergies, fast-food consumption, height and weight. Adolescents aged 13–14 completed the same questionnaire. The questionnaire asked “In the past 12 months, how often on average did you (your child) eat fast-food/burgers?” The responses were infrequent (never/only occasionally), frequent (once/twice a week) or very frequent (three or more times per week). A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and fast-food consumption, adjusting for Gross National Income per capita by country, measurement type (whether heights/weights were reported or measured), age and sex. Results: 72 900 children (17 countries) and 199 135 adolescents (36 countries) provided data. Frequent and very frequent fast-food consumption was reported in 23% and 4% of children, and 39% and 13% of adolescents, respectively. Children in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.15 and 0.22 kg/m2 higher than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Male adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.14 and 0.28 kg/m2 lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Female adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.19 kg/m2 lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Reported fast-food consumption is high in childhood and increases in adolescence. Compared with infrequent fast-food consumption, frequent and very frequent consumption is associated with a higher BMI in children. Owing to residual confounding, reverse causation and likely misreporting, the reverse association observed in adolescents should be interpreted with caution.
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Association between paracetamol use in infancy or childhood with body mass index
(Wiley, 2015-05)
Murphy, Rinki
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Stewart, Alistair W
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Braithwaite, Irene
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Beasley, Richard
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Hancox, Robert J
Objective: Paracetamol has the potential to also promote weight gain by indirect activation of cannabinoid receptors. The association between paracetamol use in the first 12 months of life or recent high use and BMI in children and adolescents was investigated. Methods: Paracetamol use in the first 12 months of life (reported by parents/guardians of 6- and 7-yearolds) or in the past 12 months (reported by parents/guardians of 6- and 7-year-olds or self-reported by adolescents aged 13–14) was examined in relation to BMI in a large multicentre cross-sectional study (2000–2003). Linear regression results were adjusted for whether height and weight were reported or measured, age, sex, country gross national income, study centre, maternal smoking, and recent wheeze. Results: Data were available from 76,216 children (18 countries) and 188,469 adolescents (35 countries). BMI was 10.07 kg/m2 higher in children with early life paracetamol exposure, from affluent countries only. Frequent recent paracetamol use was associated with higher BMI (10.17 kg/m2, P<0.0001) among adolescents from affluent countries only, but not in children (P50.41). Conclusions: Paracetamol may be causally related to increased BMI; alternatively, the association may be explained by lifestyle or other factors that correlate with paracetamol use in affluent countries.
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Overweight hypothesis in asthma and eczema in young adolescents
(Elsevier BV, 2006)
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Stavric, Katerina
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Seckova, Lidija
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Kimovska, Milica
BACKGROUND: A positive association between body mass index (BMI) and allergic diseases has recently been suggested; however the sex-dependence of this association remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between BMI and asthma and eczema, as well as its sex-dependence in young adolescents. METHODS: Self-reported data obtained through the standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three written questionnaires of 2926 young adolescents aged 13-14 years old from randomly selected schools in Skopje (Republic of Macedonia) were used. The BMI for each individual was calculated and used-both unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors-as a variable for analysis. The international cut-off points for BMI for overweight and obesity by sex and age were used. Because of the very low prevalence of obesity (1.5 %), obese respondents were included in the overweight group. The data were statistically analyzed by the chi-square test, the t-test for independent samples and odds ratios (OR, 95 % CI) in binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Being overweight was significantly associated with an increased risk of having a dry night cough without a cold or chest infection (adjusted OR: 1.54; 95 % CI: 1.09-2.16; p = 0.01) and with having had self-reported asthma at some time (adjusted OR: 2.36; 95 % CI: 1.02-5.44; p = 0.04) in boys only. A significant association between overweight and other symptoms of asthma or atopic eczema was not established. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a male-specific positive association between overweight and a current dry night cough and having received a diagnosis of asthma at some time. No association was found with other asthma symptoms or atopic eczema in young adolescents.
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Density of truck traffic on residential streets and the impact on asthma and asthma-like symptoms in childhood
(European Respiratory Soc Journals LTD, 2016-09)
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Kimovska, Mica
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Background: Conflicting results have been reported, mostly in developed countries, on the relationship between traffic exposure and asthma. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of truck traffic exposure on childhood asthma in The Republic of Macedonia, as a developing country with a moderate rate of high truck traffic exposure, high dietary antioxidants intake, and previously reported low prevalence of asthma. Methods: Parental-reported data was used, obtained through standardized surveys in winter 2015-16. There were 1945 children aged 5-15 years from randomly selected schools in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, who took part. The association between truck traffic density on residential streets on weekdays with wheeze 'ever', current wheeze, current exercise-induced wheeze, current dry night cough apart from a cold and doctor-diagnosed asthma was investigated after adjusting for potential confounders using binary multiple logistic regression. Results: Truck traffic density exposure almost the whole day was found to be 9.6%, frequently through the day 30.2%, seldom 47.7% and never 11.9%. The exposure almost the whole day increased the risk of current wheeze (aOR: 2.84; 1.20-6.70; p=0.017), wheeze 'ever' (aOR: 1.55; 0.98-2.45; p=0.061), exercise-induced wheeze (aOR: 4.19; 0.85-20.62; p=0.078) and dry night cough (aOR: 1.78; 0.96-3.33; p=0.068). There was no association with the other investigated variables, including diagnosed asthma. Conclusion: The findings suggest an adverse effect of high truck traffic exposure on asthma-like symptoms, but not on asthma, which support the hypothesis that components of air pollution act as non-specific respiratory irritants.
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Do household tobacco smoking habits influence asthma, rhinitis and eczema among 13-14 year-old adolescents?
(Elsevier BV, 2011)
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Stavric, Katerina
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Seckova, Lidija
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Kimovska, Milica
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BACKGROUND: Although the harmful impact of environmental tobacco smoke on respiratory health in early childhood is well known, its effect in adolescence is still ambiguous. This study aims to examine if parents' and household tobacco smoking habits influence asthma, rhinitis and eczema in early adolescence in The Republic of Macedonia, as a country with a very high rate of household tobacco smoke exposure despite the smoking cessation campaign, and low prevalence rates of asthma, rhinitis and eczema. METHODS: Children aged 13-14 years (n=3026) from randomly selected schools in Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, completed by themselves the standardised International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three written questionnaires on asthma, rhinitis, eczema and potential environmental risk factors. Maternal and paternal tobacco smoking habits and the number of smokers in households were separately correlated to current and ever-diagnosed asthma, rhinitis and eczema by odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) with and without adjustments for potential confounders using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The maternal smoking habit was significantly positively associated only with current night dry cough apart from chest infection (aOR: 1.26; 1.03-1.54; p=0.026). No significant association was observed in relation to the other studied variables with either parental smoking habits or the number of smokers in the household. CONCLUSION: Household tobacco smoking habits were not found to have a significant influence on asthma, rhinitis and eczema in young adolescents. The established results point out the dominant influence of maternal smoking on cough as an unspecific asthma symptom.
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Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three
(BMJ Journals, 2013-04)
Ellwood, Philippa
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Asher, M Innes
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García-Marcos, Luis
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Williams, Hywel
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Keil, Ulrich
Background: Certain foods may increase or decrease the risk of developing asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. We explored the impact of the intake of types of food on these diseases in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Methods: Written questionnaires on the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema and types and frequency of food intake over the past 12 months were completed by 13–14-year-old adolescents and by the parents/guardians of 6–7-yearold children. Prevalence ORs were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders, and using a random (mixed) effects model. Results: For adolescents and children, a potential protective effect on severe asthma was associated with consumption of fruit ≥3 times per week (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.97, respectively). An increased risk of severe asthma in adolescents and children was associated with the consumption of fast food ≥3 times per week (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.49; OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42, respectively), as well as an increased risk of severe rhinoconjunctivitis and severe eczema. Similar patterns for both ages were observed for regional analyses, and were consistent with gender and affluence categories and with current symptoms of all three conditions. Conclusions: If the association between fast foods and the symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema is causal, then the findings have major public health significance owing to the rising consumption of fast foods globally.
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An international comparison of risk factors between two regions with distinct differences in asthma prevalence
(Elsevier BV, 2018)
Madani, K
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Rennie, D C
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Sears, M
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Lawson, J A
Investigation of the geographic variation in asthma prevalence can improve our understanding of asthma etiology and management. The purpose of our investigation was to compare the prevalence of asthma and wheeze among adolescents living in two distinct international regions and to investigate reasons for observed differences.
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P1000 ALLERGY IN CHILDREN WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2004-06)
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Kostovski, A
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An international comparison of asthma, wheeze, and breathing medication use among children
(Elsevier BV, 2017)
Lawson, Joshua A
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Brozek, Grzegorz
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Shpakou, Andrei
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Fedortsiv, Olga
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Background: There is variation in childhood asthma between countries with typically higher prevalence in “Westernized” nations. We compared asthma, respiratory symptoms, and medication prevalence in Eastern and Central European regions and Canada. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of children (5–15 years) from one urban centre in each of Canada, Belarus, Poland, Republic of Georgia (Adjara), Republic of Macedonia, and Ukraine. Surveys were distributed through randomly selected schools to parents (2013–2015). Results: The prevalence of asthma differed by country from 20.6% in Canada to 1.5% in Ukraine (p < 0.001). This association remained after confounder adjustment. Except for Canada (58.7%) and Poland (42.5%), less than 10% of children with a history of wheeze had a diagnosis of asthma. Regardless of country, more than 50% of children with a diagnosis of asthma used breathing medications in the past year. Finally, except for Georgia (12.1%), all countries had a prevalence of ever wheeze above 20% (23.8% in Poland to 30.9% in Macedonia). Conclusions: Despite large differences in asthma prevalence, respiratory morbidity was more comparable suggesting asthma prevalence may be underestimated. Further validation of asthma diagnosis is needed. It is important to promote best diagnostic practices among first contact physicians.

Vlashki, Emilija

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