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    Welfare state realities in Macedonia: Trends and perspectives
    (Springer, 2016)
    The paper discusses social policy legacies and provides information on current trends and perspectives regarding the most pressing demographic, economic and social challenges in Macedonia. The socialist legacies have largely been reformed since the 1990s, with the introduction of: the principles of conditionality, of individual responsibility, as well as of pluralisation. All these, accompanied by the particular ethnic composition of the country, continual low economic growth and the falling number of jobs in the country, add to the challenge of demystifying the particularities of the social welfare model and its viability in times of economic and demographic pressure. Also, the analysis indicates current risks faced by the social protection system, and suggests they may be overcome by strengthening some positive achievements, such as: targeting the accuracy of the social assistance benefits, a greater degree of welfare pluralism as well as greater use of EU pre-accession funds. Most importantly, a precondition of any improvement of the Macedonian welfare systems is to overcome the current political practice of reactionary tactics and manoeuvres and instead to incorporate strategic and evidence based approaches to develop a sustainable system of social policy.
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    When Active is Passive: Conditional Cash Transfers and Employment Creation in Macedonia
    (European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, 2017)
    The paper aims to explore aspects related to the extension of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programme in Macedonia towards supporting young unemployed from households that are social assistance beneficiaries. The programme itself presents a continuum of active labour market efforts that provide direct financial support as a form of activation of the unemployed in the country. In this respect, the paper challenges the role of direct financial transfers (microcredits, self-employment, subsidized employments) in a socio-economic context in which there is low economic growth, a high level of the informal economy and a low educational level of the unemployed workforce. Under such circumstances, providing direct financial transfers, as a form of activation, does not guarantee improved employability, a trained workforce or secure employment. Existing studies also suggest that the application of such measures “must overcome considerable difficulties and obstacles in a region marked by labour informality and unequal access to opportunities” (ECLAC/ILO, 2014). Also, available evidence shows that “improving the labour inclusion of people with low educational levels is a long-term effort in which beneficiaries require constant psychosocial support, and that the difficulties are even greater for women, youth and persons belonging to indigenous peoples” (OAS/ECLAC/ILO, 2011). The paper is organized in three sections. The first section provides details on recent active labour market programmes in Macedonia. The second section presents a conceptual insight into existing conditional cash transfer programmes, and provides evidence about their success in the field of employment. One of these programmes is the recent CCT incentive targeted towards young unemployed from households that are social assistance beneficiaries. The final section provides an overview of potential risks and threats related to the use of CCT and similar financial transfers and presents recommendations for improved targeting of active labour market programmes in the country.
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    Policy Priorities for Social Inclusion in Macedonia
    (Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 2007)
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    Gjorgjev, Dragan
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    Social Policy During a Decade of Centre Right Governance in Macedonia
    (Springer, 2019)
    This chapter explores the reforms adopted in the fields of social protection, employment, child protection and social insurance in Macedonia from 2008 to 2016. During this period the ruling centre-right political party initiated many social policy projects, some of which have become larger than the previous well-established social policies. The chapter traces whether these changes in social policy have improved the outcomes for socio-economic standards, especially among the most vulnerable people. In addition, the chapter explores the main principles and approaches to the creation of social policy in Macedonia over the last decade. The analysis distinguishes whether there was a definitive shift in the creation of social policy and whether the adopted policies were path-dependent or were associated with new norms and values. The analysis shows that during the 10-year period of the VMRO-DPMNE rule, social protection was reshaped in order to serve clients that were less vulnerable than in the past. Active labour market policies (ALMPs) were designed in a way that excludes “hard to serve” clients and targeted those more easily activated among the unemployed. The introduction of arbitrary increases in welfare entitlements became a new norm. The creation of social policy throughout the period slowly dissolved into a monolithic and top-down policy process, excluding any possibility for reflection, for the use of critical approaches or for the utilisation of prior knowledge and experience.
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    Реалните димензии на социјалната држава во Македонија
    (Здружение на социолози на Р. Македонија, 1997)
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    Социјална политика на Европската Унија
    (Филозофски Факултет, 2008)
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    Reform processes and challenges in the social policy in Macedonia
    (Faculty of Philosophy, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 2009)