Now showing 1 - 10 of 32
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    Work-related asthma in automobile spray painters: two case reports
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2008-06)
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    Risteska-Kuc, Snezana
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    This report describes two patients who had developed asthma after working as automobile painters with isocyanate-based aerosol paint for two years or over. In both patients asthma was confirmed using the standard diagnostic procedure. One of the subjects was atopic. One was ex-smoker and the other had never smoked. Neither had a family history of asthma. The symptoms occurred after workplace exposure lasting two years in one patient and three in the other. As both reported work-relatedness of the symptoms, they underwent serial peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement and bronchoprovocation testing. Significant work-related changes in PEFR diurnal variations and in non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH) were observed in one patient, suggesting allergic occupational asthma (OA), while the other patient was diagnosed work-exacerbated asthma (WEA). Our data confirm that spray painting is an occupation with increased risk of respiratory impairment and asthma.
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    Exercise-related respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in industrial bakers
    (Informa UK Limited, 2013)
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    In order to assess prevalence and characteristics of exercise-related respiratory symptoms (ERRS) and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in industrial bakery, the authors performed a cross-sectional study including 57 bakers and an equal number of office workers studied as a control. Evaluation of examined subjects included completion of a questionnaire, skin prick tests to common inhalant and occupational allergens, spirometry, and exercise and histamine challenge. The authors found a similar prevalence of ERRS and EIB in both bakers and controls. EIB was significantly associated with atopy, asthma, family history of asthma, and positive histamine challenge in either group, whereas in bakers it was closely related to sensitization to occupational allergens (p = .032). Bronchial reaction to exercise was significantly higher in bakers with EIB (25.7% vs 19.2%; p = .021). These findings suggest that occupational exposure in industrial bakery may accentuate bronchoconstrictive response to exercise.
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    Respiratory and nasal symptoms, immunological changes and lung function among petroleum refinery workers
    (Società italiana di medicina del lavoro, 2010)
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    Lidija Trajceva
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    Snezana Risteska-Kuc
    Objective: To assess adverse respiratory effects and immunological changes among petroleum refinery workers. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study including 80 subjects employed in the coking unit of a petroleum refinery (54 males and 26 females, aged 28-56 years, duration of exposure 7-28 years) and an equal number of office workers, matched by sex, age and smoking habits. Asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnosed by a physician, as well as respiratory and nasal symptoms in the last 12 months, were recorded by questionnaire. Evaluation of the subjects under study also included skin prick tests for common inhalable allergens and lung function tests. Results: We found a similar prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in both examined groups. Prevalence of overall respiratory symptoms was higher among petroleum refinery workers (33.7% vs. 22.5%) with a statistically significant difference for cough (30.0% vs. 13.7%, p=0.018) and wheezing (21.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.029). Prevalence of overall nasal symptoms was higher among petrol refinery workers (36.2% vs. 23.7%) with a statistically significant difference for runny nose (28.7% vs. 12.5%, p=0.014).We found a similar prevalence of allergic sensitization to common inhalable allergens in both examined groups. The results of lung function tests showed significantly lower value of MEF50 (61.9% vs. 67.4%, p=0.019) and MEF75 (56.1% vs. 62.9%, p=0.000) among petroleum refinery workers. Respiratory impairment was observed in both smoking and non-smoking petroleum refinery workers. Conclusion: Our data suggest that workplace exposure among petroleum refinery workers may lead to respiratory and nasal symptoms and lung function impairment.
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    Epidemiological Characteristics of Autism in Republic of Macedonia
    (Faculty of Philosophy, UKIM, Skopje, Macedonia, 2005)
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    Ajdinski, Ljupcho
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    Infantile autism is pervasive developmental disorder with abnormal or damaged psychical development manifested after the second or third year of life, with characteristics in the shift of pathological functioning in the sphere of social interactions, in communications with the environment, and with repetitive behavior. The aim of this article is to show a part of demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the population with autism registered in the Republic of Macedonia.This research is a retrospective study, followed on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, which covered 50 people with autism. All examined people have a verified diagnosis according to ICD-10 classification of diseases and DSM-IV criteria made in the special educational and medical institutions in our country. From the analysis of examined autistic people in the sample it has confirmed that the prevalence of autism in RM is 0.25 people up to 10.000 inhabitants. The male gender is 2.5 times more frequent than the female gender. The mean age of patients is 11 years. The socio-economic condition does not take part in the genesis of autism. The season of birth is not connected with the appearance of the disturbance. Data for mothers disease during the pregnancy (p=0.04), as well as the pathological course of the pregnancy (p=0.02) is a risk factor for appearance of the syndrome. The pathological delivery and the complications in the perinatal period are not the risk factors in this study (p>0.05). The duration of nursing and the preliminary rejection of mother’s milk are significantly associated with the appearance of autism (p<0.01). The results from this study may be useful as a good base for further epidemiological researching, revealing new risk factors in the genesis of autism, and for planning the prevention of this severe syndrome.
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    Carbocysteine in the Management of Stable COPD: Are Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Clinically Relevant?
    (ID Design Press, 2017-12-27)
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    Petrova, Tatjana
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    The recent epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest possible antioxidant effect of carbocysteine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).AIM: To assess efficacy and tolerability of carbocysteine in the management of stable COPD.METHODS: We performed an observational, non-randomized, open study (a real life study) including 87 patients with stable COPD (group B and D by combined COPD assessment) divided in two groups, examined group (EG) and control group (CG). All participants were treated with the regular treatment of the stable disease, but in the participants of the EG carbocysteine 1,500 mg daily was added to their regular treatment during the period of two months. The study protocol included completion of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and spirometric measurements at initial visit and at the end of the mentioned period.RESULTS: We found significantly lower mean value of the overall CAT score in the EG at the end of the study as compared to its mean value registered at initial visit (26.9 vs. 24.3; P = 0.007). In regard to certain CAT items, we found significantly lower values of the mean scores related to cough phlegm and sleep disturbances as compared to their mean scores at initial visit. In addition, the mean values of the overall CAT scores at initial visit and at the end of the study in controls were similar. In EG we found significantly higher mean value of the MEF 25-75 at the end of the study as compared to its mean value registered at initial visit (59.3% vs. 67.2%; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the mean values of other spirometric parameters at the end of the study as compared to their mean values at initial visit. In controls we registered similar values of all measured spirometric parameters at the end of the study as compared to their values registered at initial visit. Mild gastrointestinal manifestations were registered in 13.3% of the participants of the EG during the examined period.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate positive effects of carbocysteine regarding the symptoms and lung function, as well as its good tolerability in the patients with stable COPD.</jats:p>
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    Asthma Control Test™ in Assessment of Clinical Asthma Control
    (ID Design Press, 2009-12-01)
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    Tatjana Petrova
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    Snezana Risteska-Kuc
    Background. The goal of asthma treatment is to achieve and maintain control of the disease. Objective. To assess validity and reliability of Asthma Control TestTM (ACT) as a patient-based tool for quantifying the control of the disease in the subjects with persistent asthma. Methods. A cross-sectional study including 396 subjects with persistent asthma drown from a population of treated patients was performed. Evaluation of the examined subjects included completion of the ACT, spirometry, and asthma specialist rating of control. Results. The mean derived ACT score in all study subjects was 19.2±3.3. Prevalence of the study subjects with totally controlled (TC), well-controlled (WC) and not well-controlled (NWC) asthma by derived ACT score was 9.1%, 43.2% and 47.7%, respectively. Results from the spirometry showed that in 45% of the study subjects FEV1 value was less than 80%. Prevalence of the study subjects with TC, WC and NWC asthma by asthma specialist rating was 8.1%, 41.1% and 50.7%, respectively. A strong correlation between the derived ACT scores and asthma specialist rating of control was observed (r = 0.51, P = 0.000). Conclusion. Our data confirm the usefulness of the ACT as a valid and reliable screening tool for asthma control.
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    Inert Cellulose Powder in the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
    (Sunnyvale, Calif. : OMICS Pub. Group, 2017-01-27)
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    Petrova T
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    Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of inert cellulose powder (ICP) in the treatment of mild seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods: An observational, non-randomized, open study including 74 examinees suffering from mild SAR was conducted. The study subjects were divided in two groups, Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2). The study subjects from G1 were treated 10 days with oral cetirizine and ICP, while the study subjects from G2 were treated 10 days only with oral cetirizine. The treatment outcomes were evaluated after five and 10 days by self-assessment of the symptoms on a five-point scale. Results: In both groups improvement of the symptoms five and 10 days after the treatment was registered. There was significantly higher prevalence of the G1 study subjects in the point 4 (“major relief, casual sneezing”) five days after beginning of the treatment (43.2% vs. 18.9%; P<0.05), as well as in the point 5 (“complete relief, without symptoms”) at the end of the treatment (56.7% vs. 27.0%; P<0.05). A low frequency of adverse effects was registered among examinees of both groups. Conclusion: The results obtained indicated high efficacy and safety of ICP in the treatment of mild SAR.
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    Effects of passive smoking at work on respiratory symptoms, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness in never-smoking office cleaning women
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2009-09)
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    Risteska-Kuc, Snezana
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    This cross-sectional study compares respiratory symptoms, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness between 27 office cleaning women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at work and 57 unexposed controls. The age range of both groups was 24 to 56 years, and none of the women had ever smoked. Information on respiratory symptoms, cleaning work history, and passive smoking in the workplace were obtained with a questionnaire. The subjects also took a skin prick test to common inhalant allergens, a lung function test, and a histamine challenge. Despite smoking restriction in indoor environments, we found a high prevalence of passive smokers in the workplace (32.1 %). In these subjects we found a significantly higher prevalence of wheezing with breathlessness (25.9 % vs. 8.8 %; P=0.036), wheezing without cold (25.9 % vs. 7.0 %; P=0.016), and breathlessness after effort (29.6 % vs. 8.8 %; P=0.014) than in control subjects. Objective measurements showed a significantly lower MEF25 (53.6 % vs. 63.7 %; P=0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of borderline bronchial hyperresponsiveness (22.2 % vs. 7.0 %; P=0.044) in the passive smokers in the workplace. This study provides evidence of adverse respiratory effects in office cleaning women associated with passive smoking in the workplace. Our findings support a stricter implementation of the current national law to protect respiratory health of all workers.
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    Efficacy and Tolerability of Various Antimicrobial Regimens in the Treatment of Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Outpatients
    (ID Design Press, 2009-06-01)
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    Petrova, Tatjana
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    Risteska-Kuc, Snezana
    Objective. To compare the efficacy and tolerability of different antibiotics empirically administered for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. We performed an observational, non-randomized, open-label study including 226 outpatients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and mild or moderate COPD, 123 males and 103 females, aged 24 to 81. All patients were followed up for 30 days, with an intermediate visits at 5 and 10 days at which they were asked about the duration of symptoms (increased expectoration, increased dyspnea and/or presence of purulent sputum) and the side-effects of the drug. Five antibiotic regimens were evaluated: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875 mg/125 mg twice daily for 10 days, cefuroxime 250 mg twice daily for 10 days, cefixime 400 mg once daily for 10 days, clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days, and ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days. Results. The clinical success rate, defined as a complete resolution or a return of the symptoms to the baseline severity, in the groups receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cefixime, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin was 68.9%, 75.0%, 73.5%, 72.7%, and 77.1%, respectively. The mean time to relief of symptoms varied from 6.8 days with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to 6.1 days with cefuroxime. Relapse within the first month was registered in the group receiving clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin (3.1% and 2.6%, respectively). The prevalence of the adverse events varied from 10.4% with ciprofloxacin, following by 8.9% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 7.5% for cefixime, 6.8% with clarithromycin to 6.1% with cefuroxime. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy and safety of all studied regimens in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD.