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    Survival of Advanced Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients in the Republic of Macedonia
    (ID Design 2012/Scienfitic Foundation SPIROSKI, 2017-12-15)
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    The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the overall survival of women with advanced stage (Stage IIIA-IV) high-grade serous ovarian cancer in Macedonia.
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    Multimodality treatment of brain metastases from ovarian cancer
    (Macedonian Association of Pathology, 2016-09)
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    Veljanoska, Slavica
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    Objective: Brain metastases from ovarian cancer are uncommon and usually associated with mean survival less than 12 months. In some cases, multimodality treatment may achieve an improved outcome in these patients. Material and Methods: Two cases of multiple brain metastases from ovarian cancer are presented. A combination of whole-brainradiotherapy (WBRT) and chemotherapy (Topotecan) was used. Results: Case 1: A 62-year-old patient was diagnosed and treated for primary ovarian cancer in 2012. She underwent optimal surgical resection and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (Carboplatin/Paclitaxel, 6 cycles). Eleven months after the initial treatment the patient developed right hemiparesis. Brain CT documented multiple brain metastases in the left frontal and parietal lobe. She proceeded to WBRT and subsequent 4 cycles of Topotecan. At a follow-up of 24 months, there is no evidence of recurrent disease. Case 2: A 63-year-old patient was diagnosed with primary ovarian cancer in 2012. Initially, she received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Carboplatin/Paclitaxel, 6 cycles and Doxorubicin/Carboplatin, 3 cycles) followed by surgical treatment. After 1-year follow-up, multiple brain metastases in the right temporoparietal and occipital lobe were detected by brain MRI. She underwent WBRT followed by 4 cycles of Topotecan. Better motor performance was achieved and the MRI scan evaluation showed volume reductions of brain metastases. Nine months later, CT scan revealed a progression of the metastatic disease and re-WBRT was performed. At a follow-up of 18 months, she is in good clinical condition. Conclusions: In ovarian cancer patients with multiple brain metastases, multimodal therapeutic approach including radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy may lead to prolonged survival.
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    PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF MOLECULAR MARKER ON OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA. SINGLE INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE
    (Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” University Skopje, R.N.Macedonia, 2020-10)
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    Dzundeva, Jasmina
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    Ivanova, Maja
    High-grade glioma (HGG) are among the most frequent primary brain tumors. Prognosis in HGG depends on histology, age, performance status, and other patient and tumor related factors. The 2016 revision of the WHO Classification of CNS Tumors introduced molecular characterization of HGG, with possible impact on prognosis. Analysis of a total of 49 patients with HGG with known MGMT methylation status and IDH1 and IDH2 mutation has been done. All patients undergo surgery, followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Median follow up of all patients was 21,3 months (6,2-52,1 months). The Median Disease-free survival (DFS) was 20,3 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was calculated as 21,8 months. Patients has been stratified according to MGMT methylation status and IDH1 and IDH2 mutation status. DFS and OS have been compared between groups. The assessment shows 2-year DFS and OS were 45,5% and 54% for methylated and 40,4% and 47,8 for unmethylated patients. 2-year DFS and OS were 75% and 86% for IDH1 mutated patients and 34,12% and 47,1% for IDH1 unmutated patients. Two-year DFS and OS were 56% and 83% for IDH 2 mutated patients and 28,8% and 40,9% for IDH2 unmutated patients. There were suggestions for favorable prognostic factor for both MGMT methylation and IDH1 and IDH2 mutation, but we did not show any statistically significant difference of DFS and OS between MGMT methylated and unmethylated patients and between IDH1 and IDH2 mutated and unmutated patients due to small specimen and relatively short follow up.
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    A SINGLE INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH CETUXIMAB IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER
    (Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb, Croatia, 2022-05)
    Grozdanovska, Biljana
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    Spasovska, Olivera
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    Misimi, Faik
    Introduction: Cetuximab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with limited efficacy in the subset of patients with RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Purpose of this study is to present our Institution’s experience in patients with wild type metastatic CRC treated with Cetuximab. Methods: We collected data for 18 patients with wild-type RAS mCRC. Patients received Cetuximab (500mg/m2) in combination with oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. The treatment has been continued until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression (PD). Tumour response has been evaluated every 12 weeks using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) and toxicity was assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Results: Eighteen patients with median age 55 years (range 41-67 y) were identified. Most patients were in good ECOG Performance Status (0-2). The primary location of cancer was the rectum (11 patients), and colon (7 patients). The most common metastatic sites were liver and lungs with more than 50% of patients (72.2%) having 2 or 3 metastatic sites. Most patients (55.56%) received ≥ 1 prior lines of chemotherapy and 44.44% of patients received Cetuximab as 1st line treatment. Six patients (33.33%) received it in combination with Oxaliplatin and 12 patients (66.67%) received it in combination with Irinothecan-based chemotherapy. In the majority of cases (77.77%) good response to treatment was reported (stable disease in 44.44% (8) and partial response in 33.33% (6)). In regards to toxicity, rash grade 1 was the most common adverse effect. Ocular toxicity (conjunctivitis) was reported in only one patient. The 12-month survival rate was 94% and the 24-month survival rate was 46%. Conclusion: Over the last decades, the incorporation of novel agents in the management of mCRC is associated with improvement in survival. Anti EGFR mab is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in RAS wt mCRC. Nowadays, molecular profiling with the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers provides a personalized treatment approach, with the potential of improved treatment efficacy. To asses value of adding Cetuximab to mCRC treatment, longer follow-up is needed.
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    Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Stage III endometrial cancer: Impact on Survival
    (RAD Association, 2018-06)
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    Veljanoska, Slavica
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    Introduction. Adjuvant treatment options for advanced-stage endometrial cancer include chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT), but the optimal treatment strategy is currently under debate. The aim of this study is to investigate the utilization of adjuvant RT and CT in patients with stage III endometrial cancer and their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Materials and Methods. A retrospective review was performed of 40 patients with Stage III endometrial cancer who received adjuvant treatment at University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology (UCRO) in Skopje between 2012 and 2015. Postoperative treatment was administered based on performance status and medical comorbidities. Chemotherapy regimens comprised of Carboplatin (AUC 5) and Paclitaxel (175 mg/m2), a 3-week interval for 6 cycles (chemotherapy alone) and 4 cycles (sequential arm). RT was delivered using 3-D CRT with a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions prescribed in PTV for 5 weeks with/without an additional 7 Gy prescribed at a depth of 0.5 cm from the vaginal surface. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy were compared with radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone. Results. The distribution of surgical stages is as follows: IIIA accounted for 60% (n=24), stage IIIB accounted for 9.8% (n=4) and stage IIIC accounted for 30% (n=12). The median age was 65 years and median follow-up was 35.5 months. There were 40 patients who received adjuvant treatment, 10% (n=4) received CT alone, 27.5% (n=11) received RT alone, and 62.5% (n=25) received sequential combined CT followed by 3D CRT with/without vaginal vault brachytherapy. Relapse occurred in 55% (n=22) of the patients. High grade and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) are risk factors for recurrence and poor prognosis. Overall survival (OS) and Disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 years for patients receiving combined CT and RT, adjuvant RT alone and adjuvant CT alone were 68.8%, 41.26%, and 37.57% for OS and 58.03%, 33.08%, and 24.96% for DFS, respectively. DFS and OS were significantly longer in patients treated with combined RT and CT than in those treated with CT alone (DFS: p= 0.0005; hazard ratio [HR], 5.677; OS: p= 0.0143; HR, 4.289) or RT alone (DFS: p = 0.0137; HR, 2.482; OS: p = 0.0151; HR, 3.036). Conclusion. Combined modality treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve both overall and disease-free survival in patients with Stage III endometrial cancer compared with single modality alone.
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    Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIIA endometrial carcinoma with solitary adnexal involvement
    (Macedonian Association of Pathology, 2016-09)
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    Veljanoska, Slavica
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    Objective: The optimal adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer patients with solitary adnexal involvement is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, the outcome and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients. Material and Methods: The medical records of the patients with stage IIIA endometrial cancer with solitary adnexal involvement who were treated with surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy between 2005 and 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 40 patients treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included. Following surgery, all patients received 4 cycles of Carboplatin 300 mg/m2 and Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 by intravenous injection every 3 weeks. The survival and recurrence rates were evaluated. Results: The median follow-up period was 5 years (60 months). Recurrences occurred in 12.5 % (n=5) of the patients. One local recurrence (1/5, 20%) and 4 distant metastases (4/5, 80%) in liver (n=2, 40%), lung (n=1, 20%) and paraaortal lymph nodes (n=1, 20%) were observed. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 87.5% and 92.3%, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy may improve prognosis and survival in stage IIIA endometrial cancer patients with solitary adnexal involvement and could be considered as a potential adjuvant treatment. Although adjuvant chemotherapy has demonstrated improved both disease-fee and overall survival compared to radiotherapy (DFS 87.5% vs 69%; OS 92.3% vs 78%), further studies are needed to define the optimal treatment strategy.
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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN O(6)-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (MGMT) PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS AND TUMOR SIZE ON PREOPERATIVE CONTRAST ENHANCED MRI IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME – SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE
    (RAD Association, 2018-06-01)
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    Petkovska, Gordana
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    Bojovska, Valentina
    Introduction. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is considered as an important prognostic marker in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Patients with methylated MGMT promoter are considered that have better prognosis, have longer disease free survival and overall survival. Methods. We performed retrospective analysis of 28 patients with glioblastoma multiforme intended to be treated with radiotherapy and with known MGMT promoter status. Volume of the tumor was measured on initial MR of the brain and it was delineated on transversal MR image DICOM datasets. “Tumor” was defined as contrast enhanced region in T1 weighted image after application of i.v. contrast. Results. From 28 patients, 14 patients were with methylated MGMT promotor (MGMT-M) and 14 with wild type MGMT promotor (MGMT-W). Mean MRI tumor volume in MGMT-M group was 45.41 cm3 (range 4.50 cm3 – 95.26 cm3) and in MGMT-W group 50.46 cm3 (range 3.81 cm3 – 134.79 cm3). Comparison of volumes of 2 groups has shown that there are no significant differences between tumor volumes in the groups p= 0.29864. Conclusion. In our study we can conclude that there is no correlation between MGMT methylation status and initial tumor volume in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
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    Impact on dose and volume on irradiated brain on recurrence and survival of patients with glioblastoma multiformae
    (International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017-06)
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    Petkovska, Gordana
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    Popovska, Daniela
    Introduction: Glioblastoma multiformae is the most common and the most aggressive brain tumor. Despite the major advantages in personalization and precision of the treatment, median survival of patients is approximately 12 to 16 months. Today standard of care for patients with glioblastoma is postoperative radiotherapy with temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide. Radiation is corner stone of the treatment and with highest benefit of all modalities of the treatment. Methods: Dosimetric analysis of treatment plan data has been performed on 70 patients with glioblastoma, treated with postoperative radiochemotherapy with temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide. Patients were treated with 2 different treatment approaches, regarding definition of treatment volumes and prescription of radiation dose. First group of patients has been treated with one treatment volume receiving 60 Gy in 2 Gy daily fraction (31 patients) and second group of the patients has been treated with “cone down” technique, which encompass of two phases of treatment, first phase 46 Gy in 2 Gy fraction followed by “cone down” boost of 14 Gy in 2 Gy fraction (39 patients). Quantification of “V57Gy”, volume receiving 57 Gy and more and ratio between brain volume and “V57Gy” has been done. Average values of both parameters have been taken as a threshold value and patients have been split into 2 groups for each parameter (smaller and lager than threshold value). Results: Mean value for Volume “V57 Gy” was 593,39 cm3 (range 166,94 to 968,60 cm3), Mean value for brain volume has been measured as 1332,86 cm3 (range 1047,00 to 1671,90 cm3) and mean value for ratio of brain and “V57Gy” has been 2,46 (range 1,42 to 7,67). Time to progression and overall survival of patients has been analyzed using Kaplan-Meir methodology. There was no significant difference between two groups for both “V57Gy” and ratio between brain volume and “V57Gy”. Conclusion: Irradiated volume with dose more than 57Gy (“V57Gy) and ration between whole brain volume and “V57Gy” does not have any impact on recurrence and survival of patients with glioblastoma.