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    Radiation-induced rectal leiomyosarcoma in a cervical cancer survivor: a case report
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-08)
    Sulejmani, Haris
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    Vasilevski, Filip
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    Rectal leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an exceptionally rare malignancy, representing ˂0.5% of all rectal cancers. Even more uncommon are the cases of radiation-induced LMS arising as an independent malignancy following pelvic radiotherapy. We report a case of a 56-year-old female patient with a history of high-grade large cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma treated 12 years earlier with radical hysterectomy and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The patient presented with rectal discomfort and altered bowel habits. A colonoscopy revealed a near-obstructing polypoid rectal mass, and a biopsy confirmed LMS. Surgical treatment via abdominoperineal resection with total mesorectal excision was performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy was conducted by an oncologist. Given the long latency period and absence of metastases, the tumor was stated as a radiation-induced primary malignancy. This case emphasizes the importance of awareness in cancer survivors previously treated with pelvic radiotherapy and highlights the critical role of surgery in the management of rectal LMS.
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    Plasmacytoma of the testis as initial presentation of multiple myeloma: case report
    (2022-09)
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    Background & objectives: Extramedullary plasmacytoma represents 5% of plasma cell neoplasms. Plasmacytoma of the testis is extremely rare and may occur as isolated tumour or in concomitance with multiple myeloma. We report a case of testicular plasmacytoma in 77-year-old male patient. Methods: The physical examination and ultrasonography revealed enlarged left testicle. Based on a clinical diagnosis, an inguinal orchidectomy was performed. On gross examination the testicle measured 7x4x4cm and was entirely occupied by a solid white fleshy tumour. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue samples were stained with HE and immunohistochemically with CD138, MUM 1, CD79, CD3, CD20, CD117, PLAP and Ki 67. Results: Microscopic examination revealed a malignant neoplasm composed of atypical plasma cells with pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and polymorphic and polychromatic nuclei which diffusely obliterated underlying testicular parenchyma and infiltrating the epididymis and surrounding peritesticular fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemically the cells were positive for CD138, MUM1 and CD79 and negative for CD3, CD20, CD117 and PLAP with Ki67 80%. After period of two and half months the diagnose of multiple myeloma was established with bone marrow aspiration showed 60% plasma cells, flow cytometry with CD38 and CD138 plasma cells and serum protein immunoelectrophoresis IgA idiotype. Patient died after two-week therapy with corticosteroids, four months after initiate diagnose of plasmacytoma of testis. Conclusion: Testicular plasmacytoma is extremely rare presentation of extramedullary plasmacytoma. Taking into account the additional data obtained about the patient we concluded that in our case it was the first manifestation of systemic disease referred as multiple myeloma.
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    A review of the main placental histopathological findings in SARS-CoV-2 infection: analysis of COVID 19 positive patients - single center experience
    (Wiley, 2022-10)
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    Background: COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a severe systemic thrombotic syndrome that emerged in 2019, with an ensuring pandemic. In so far postulated available literature there is a lack of clarity on the exact mechanism how the SARS-CoV-2 virus acts on the placenta. There is a direct effect on the placenta which leads to hypoxia and an indirect effect that is reflected through proinflammatory responses. Aims: To emphasize the spectrum of histopathological and transmission electron microscopy changes in the placenta of COVID infected pregnant women. Methods: The current study was designed as a prospective study on 39 pregnant women with SARSCoV-2 confirmed infection on nasopharyngeal samples. Gross dissection sampling was performed according to Amsterdam Placental criteria. The standard procedure of paraffin embedded section, stained with H&E was routinely used. Moreover the tissue was stained with immunohistochemistry to present the inflammatory response of the placenta, with the following antibodies: CD3, CD20 and CD68. Results & Conclusions: Histological studies of placental tissue revealed the presence of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVMs) or foetal vascular malperfusion (FVMs) lesions and mild inflammatory lesions. The most prevalent histopathological changes were decidual arteriopathy and increased perivillous f ibrin deposition. Ultrastructural analyses showed spherical-like coronavirus particleswithanelectron intermediate-density core as well projections from the surface as spike-like structures in the syncytiotrophoblasts. In conclusion, there are significant histomorphological changes that indicate maternal malperfusion.
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