Now showing 1 - 10 of 30
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    Item type:Publication,
    Force platform - testing and diagnosis in sport and physical activities
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2017)
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    Force platform is one of the most used instruments for assessing movements in sports, physical activity and medicine. It is primarily used to measure the ground reaction force. Today, various types of platforms are present in the testing and diagnostics depending on their technical and physical characteristics. Knowledge of its functioning and the ability to understand and interpret the results is crucial for those who use this tool. The text first lists the general and technical characteristics of the platform, and then provides practical examples of its application.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Workload Ratio Assessment in Football: Evaluating Simple and Exponential Moving Averages
    (Research in Physical Education, Sport and Health, 2024)
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    Sejkeroski Mihailo
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    Nuno André Nunes
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    Soklevska, Ilievski, Elena
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    Introduction: To identify the optimal technique for examining time series data related to the Acute Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR), correlations between the Simple Moving Average (SMA) and the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) were investigated in this study utilising a decay factor (λ) over a period of 7/28 days. Five GPS metrics were included in our analysis: Total Distance, Accelerations, Decelerations, High Metabolic Load Distance, and Distance in Speed Zones 3+4+5 (>19,9 km/h). These data points were collected from 22 players across 47 days, excluding the first 28 days, for a total of 596 data points per pair [SMA/EWMA]. Methods: Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests were performed on the SMA and EWMA datasets prior to using the Spearman, Kendall Tau, and Distance Correlation techniques to assess correlations and dependencies between pairings. Using Python and libraries including Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, SciPy, Scikit-Learn, Statsmodels, OpenPyXL, Dcor, and IPython.display, the analysis was carried out in Anaconda's Jupyter Notebook. Results and Discussion: Significant departures from the normal distribution were shown by normality tests (p<0.05 for most of the variables). With p-values of 0.00, Spearman analysis showed significant correlations for every pair of variables, ranging from moderate (0.46) to somewhat weak (0.23). Additionally, Kendall's Tau revealed statistically significant correlations (p=0.00) across strengths, ranging from moderate (0.32) to weak (0.16). With values ranging from 0.25 to 0.44, Distance Correlation showed significant connections (p<0.00), while Energy Distance values displayed a range of discrepancies. Interestingly, EWMA frequently displayed values that were marginally lower than SMA, highlighting a significance level of p=0.00. Conclusion: The results show continuous trends and modest to moderate positive correlations between the variables under study. Both SMA and EWMA can be used with the help of distance correlation. EWMA is typically chosen for responsive trend analysis and offering a realistic representation of current conditions in ACWR monitoring due to its emphasis on recent data. The decision between SMA and EWMA, however, may change depending on the coaching needs; in this study, EWMA approaches produced somewhat lower scores than SMA.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Determination and comparison of the qualitative biomechanical status of the motor stereotips in handball with two methodological approaches
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2016-06)
    Trajkovski, T
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    The knowledge of the biomechanical characteristics of the sports technique is one of the most important stages in the determination of the key aspects of the performance, through which more rational and more efficiant approach is enabled in its study and improvement.The objective of this research is to determine and compare the qualitative biomechanical status of the motor stereotypes from the sports game handball by applying two methogological approaches. The sample of motor stereotypes is analyzed with the method of qualitative biomechanical analysis through an application of binary and ordinal data, followed by determination and comparision of the biomechanicl intersimilarity, the complete biomechanical similarity, the adjacent biomechanical similarity, the force of the biomechanical connection and the biomechanical structure.The obtained results indicate presence of a similar interpretability in the two approaches for determination of the biomechanical status. Still, in terms of the biomechanical structure, the orthogonal and the skew solution provide a clearer structure and interpretability in the ordinal approach.Further research is required for more reliable generalizaton, which will also include other approcahes both in the qualitative biomechanical analysis, as well as in the methodology, through which the biomechanical status of the motor stereotypes would be determined and compared.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Planning of microcycle in football- dosaging of the training load - #2
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2021-06)
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    Tasevski Zikica
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    Brazhanski Ognen
    In the process of planning/ modeling training programs, repetitive training periods are used, in the form of cycles (weekly, monthly, annual). This is done in order for the coach to present clearly the idea for the training program, and also to allow the athlete's biorhythm to adapt to the competition’s cycles. When creating a training cycle in football, the components of the training such as intensity, volume, weekly training frequency as well as rest, during and after the training, are always taken into account. We usually talk about the 7-day micro cycle, as the shortest period of planning the training program. This micro cycle can be organised in several variants: in the preparatory period, or in the period of competition, where there can be one or two matches in seven days.
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    Item type:Publication,
    SELF-ASSESSMENT AMONG SKI INSTRUCTORS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BASIC ALPINE SKIING SKILLS
    (Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia, 2020)
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    Kiril, Naskov
    Ski instructors need to have adequate knowledge and skills in assessing sports techniques as a condition for successful intervention that will lead to improved performance. The purpose of this research was to assess how instructors with different levels of performance evaluate their skiing skills. A total of 58 Instructor candidates were rated with a score of 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest) by Examination Board in 7 elements of basic alpine skiing technique: Gliding straight (basic position), Wedge swinging, Wedge curves, Basic turn, Basic swinging, Wide corridor and Narrow corridor. After the practical exam, all candidates completed a self-assessment form on the same scale of 1 to 5 for each individual skiing element. The average practical grade of all seven skiing techniques, awarded by the Examination Board, was taken as a criterion for grouping. Three groups of high, intermediate and low skiing level were defined. The high performance group consisted of a total of 16 candidates with an average grade above 4. The mid-level group consisted of 26 candidates with an average grade between 3 and 4, while the low-performance group comprised 16 candidates with an average grade below 3. The results obtained from the Examination Board and the Self-Assessment were compared to determine the degree of coincidence expressed as a percentage difference between these two scores. From the results obtained, there is an evident difference in the objectivity of the self-assessment between groups. The high performance group showed the smallest percentage difference (9.79%) in the scores obtained by the Examination Board and the Selfassessment.The mid-level group showed a percentage difference between the two scores of 21.95% and the low-performance group of 54.04%. The high-performance group was recorded also by several individuals who underestimated their performances, which is not the case with the other two groups. There is a significant overrated self perception in the intermediate group and especially in the low skills group. The conclusion is that the higher level of performance increases the degree of objectivity of self-assessment. This rate of self-estimation and awareness of body position is probably due to the higher skiing experience of the candidates with the highest level of performance.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Application of optical measurement system in diagnostics in sport and physical activities
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2019)
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    The optical measurement system is one of the most widely used instruments for testing human physical performance. The instrument contains many tests and protocols, it is easy to use and can be connected to other instruments. The results obtained are accurate and precise, and its dimensions and transportability make it possible to use them on field.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Anaerobic threshold – definition and how test
    (2017)
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    Tasevski, Zikica
    Heart rate monitoring have been interesting method for monitoring the training Intensity. In to the training, some new technology has been introduced as a tool, which include GPS signal reading of movement of the athletes especially in group games. That equipment can present intensity and involvement of the athlete’s body from the training or match. But, even those tools are using heart rate monitor as important supported toll as they can give more accurate checking of the training intensity and body involvement of the athletes. This text provides basic information of heart rate monitoring, as well as testing and analysis of the anaerobic threshold. Anaerobic threshold (AT) represent the value of heart rate, in which the athletes body switch from aerobic in to anaerobic consuming of energy. As a separate value on the training, AT can show how much the athletes passed in to anaerobic energy consumption process, or above AT. But if one knows the speed achieved on AT (AT speed), then easily can be used to compare endurance capacity of two or more athletes. In this text 3 examples for testing the AT are provided, as well.
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    The role of fundamental motor skills in children
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2018)
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    Basic motor skills appear in children from the earliest age and form the basis for learning and improving other more complex movements in sports and physical activities. These skills include various forms such as movement of certain parts of the body or holding a certain position (non-motor skills), coordinated and fluid movement by displacement of the general centre of mass from one place to another (locomotor skills), and manipulating or directing or guiding a object with his arms or legs, using or without using implement (manipulative skills).
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    ACTN3 association on maximal muscle power, after 6 weeks of power training
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2021-06)
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    The research tried to discover/find out [1] whether the success of transformation of max muscle power will be just because of the training sessions? Or perhaps [2] the genetic potential of examinees will be important to make bigger and faster transformation of max muscular power. The experimental program was applied within (N) 21 examinees, age of 18-20 years, non-athlete population, for a period of 6 weeks. The programme included exercises for transformation of the maximal strength component of the flexors and extensors muscles on the elbow of the examinees' non-dominant arm (load- 90-95% of one repetition maximum). Three tests for one repetition maximum (flexion+ extension) were performed (program start, 3th and 6th week). Mutation of ACTN3 genotype allele, of the examinees, were analysed, according to establish three types of examinees: (type I) slow-oxidative - XX type/group, (type IIA) fast oxidative/glycolytic RX type/group and (type IIB) fast glycolytic -RR type/group. The three groups of examinees (XX, RR, XR) do not differ in terms of the achievements of one repetition maximum (flexors/extensors) after 3th and after 6th week. The genetic predisposition of the muscle tissue for strength capacities is not always decisive for the transformation of the maximal strength abilities.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Definition of some terms often used in training for strength and power,
    (Faculty of physical education sport and health, 2017)
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    Tasevski, Zikica
    To choose proper exercise for strength training, than to lead the training process and even to evaluate the whole program, is not complicated process. However, the coach has to consider all supported activities related to the training in order this process to deliver maximal effect for the client. The idea of this article is to put a light on some of the terms often used in training for strength/power transformation. In the text, one can find explanation regarding following terms: Strength and power, repetitive strength, absolute and maximal power, relative power, anthropometry, one repetition maximum, angular speed, full motion movement, partial movement, exercise intensity, number of sets, time for rest, number of exercise ( week frequency of training), duration of training program, Isokinetics and test, peak torque, balance between flexor and extensor, genetics and heredity of muscle tissue.