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    ИНТРАВИТРЕАЛНАТА ТЕРАПИЈА КАЈ ДИЈАБЕТИЧЕН МАКУЛАРЕН ЕДЕМ: АКТУЕЛЕН ТРЕТМАН
    (SHMSHM / AAMD, 2017)
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    Aim: To show the effectiveness of current treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME), the primary monotherapy for intravitreal administration of Avastin (Bevacizumab), and combined treatment with laser photocoagulation. Background: Laser photocoagulation remains the standard treatment, but numerous studies confirm the applicability and benefits of additional therapy for DME as the application of anti VEGF and intravitreal administration of corticosteroids, which promise improvement of visual acuity. Material and Methods: Retrospective, observational, noncomparative series of cases, involving 51 eyes, with DME treated with 0, 04 ml / 1, 25 mg Bevacizumab according “pro re nata regimen”, and separated into groups indicted by the primary treatment. Patients were reviewed for 12 months, underwent complete eye examination. Results: The first group with intravitreal administration of Bevacizumab, showed significant improvement of VA for 0, 22 ± 0, 1. In the second group, with combined therapy, improved VA to 0, 17± 0, 8 and the third group with laser, the VA for 0,16 ± 0, 04 After the measurements of the control OCT analysis, in the first group there is a decrease in CMT for 82, 69 µm, received injections 3.42 on average. In second group with an average of 1 laser and intravitreal applications received 3, 52, decrease is 123, 73 µm and in the third group CMT decreased by 1, 71 µm. Conclusion: Intravitreal administration of Bevacizumab is effective in improving VA in patients with DME, but the benefits are limited to a certain range. Combined treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the need for intravitreal administration to control edema.
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    ANTI-VEGF IN MANAGEMENT OF MACULAR EDEMA IN RETINAL DISEASE
    (Macedonian Medical Association, 2017)
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    Milco Bogoev
    Aim. To present new opportunities, clinical implications and benefits of the available VEGF therapy as a treatment of macular edema, which is a result of venous vascular occlusions, diabetic macular edema in diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration. Background. The pathophysiology of macular edema is complex and various processes are involved in its development. It is actually an abnormal retinal capillary permeability and a disorder in the blood retinal barrier, which only increases the vascular permeability. This causes an expansion of the extracellular spaces, which leads to fluid accumulation, which additionally leads to macular thickening and eventual vision loss. Methods. The studies included 40 patients, of whom17 was diagnosed with macular edema in diabetic retinopathy and were treated with anti-VEGF therapy. Also, there were 11 patients diagnosed with wet form of AMD, and 12 cases diagnosed with macular edema secondary to vein occlusion. This retrospective study of 18 months monitored the effects of visual acuity on Snellen chart and the effects of macula anatomy using Optical Coherent tomography /OCT/. All patients received intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab /Avastin/ of 1.25mg /0.04ml/ and were evaluated monthly or every 4 to 8 weeks. We monitored the potential ocular and systematic side effects in all our cases. Results. In the first group which included patients with edema due to venous vascular occlusion improvement of visual acuity in 58.33% patients, 25.0% showed no change in visual acuity and 16.66% showed slight worsening of 0.029 and regression of CMT entirely to 393.22 after 4.6 intravitreal injections on average. In the second group there was no improvement of VA 0.172 and reducing central macular thickness for 218.34μm by 5.6 intravitreal applications. The third group, 17 patients with macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy had stabilization of visual acuity, i.e. slight improvement in 8 of them by 0.14; and, in 9 and improvement of 0.21 and regression CMT, an average of 174.3 μm. Although it has been shown that benefit of intravitreal use of Bevacizumab and improvement of visual acuity has not been always change hand in hand with the reduction of macular edema, the need for this kind of treatment in certain cases are needed to maintain stable CMT and VA in such patients. Conclusion. Over the last few years monoclonal antibodies have become a standard therapy in treatment of wet form of AMD. Switch on anti-VEGF drugs has shown significant results in clinical and visual out- comes in patients with changes of the macula as a result of other disease. In fact, they caused a revolution in the treatment of refractory macular edema.
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    Трансмисија на Covid 19 и ризици за офталмолошките здравствени работници на работното место - преглед на литература
    (Здружение на офталмолози на Македонија = Macedonian Association of Ophthalmologists, 2021)
    Трпеска, Ана
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    Богданова, Ирина
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    ПРОЦЕНКА НА ВЛИЈАНИЕТО НА ЈАГ- КАПСУЛОТОМИЈАТА ВРЗ ИНТРАОКУЛАРНИОТ ПРИТИСОК
    (Здружение на офталмолози на Македонија = Macedonian Association of Ophthalmologists, 2014)
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    Introduction: Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is relatively a non-invasive procedure which is used as a treatment in patients with posterior capsular opacification (long-term complication after cataract surgery). This complication is seen more in patient after ECCE technique compared to Phaco technique, leading to reduced postoperative visual acuity, glare and primary clouding lens symptoms. Opacification of posterior capsule ”secondary cataract” is caused by increased epithelial cells proliferation, which leads to fibrous changes and posterior capsule opacification, the frequency varies from 8.7% to 33.4%. Design: Retrospective study in a period of 2004-2014 years of 116 eyes Aim: The aim is to assess the influence of YAG-laser capsulotomy on the intraocular pressure in patients with secondary clouding of posterior capsule after cataract surgery. Material and methods: The study included 116 patients with age SD 64 +/- 7 years, who had a cataract intervention with implantation of an artificial intraocular lens. Due to varying degrees of the posterior capsule opacification with the consequent decrease in visual acuity , postoperatively method of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy or photo disruption was performed. For a period of ten years (2004 - 2014) analysis have been done on the patients, treated by one doctor, providing a single protocol and consistency of results. The effect of the intervention on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the risk factors were analised also. Tonometry on both eyes was performed in each patient pre treatment within the preparation protocol of the patient, and one hour after the intervention. Sixteen of the patients were already diagnosed with glaucoma before the intervention. Results: Changes of the intraocular pressure in the prophylactic treated eyes with topical beta adrenergic agonist were unremarkable compared to the control group where a significant transient increasing of the IOP after a time interval was. The increase in IOP was significantly associated with an interval of 1 hour measurement after the capsulotomy has been performed. Glaucoma patients are more likely to need a long-term IOP control with additional antiglaucomatous drugs than the patients without glaucoma pre-intervention. No correlation was established between the strength of the laser energy and pulse number applied in relation to the intraocular pressure increas
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    INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
    (Medical faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2017)
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    Sazdovka, Sanja
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    ABSTRACT Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants. The incidence of ROP is increasing in developing countries due to increased survival of preterm infants. The profile of ROP differs between various countries. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious complication of prematurity and can lead to blindness unless is recognized and treated early The aim of our study was to study the risk factors and the incidence for ROP. A total of 204 infants (37.3% were twins, 2.9% were triplets and 59.8% were singleton) had examination of the retina by indirect ophthalmoscopy from the fourth postnatal week and followed up periodically. Perinatal risk factors for ROP were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.204 preterm infants with less of 37 weeks were included. Antenatal, perinatal and postnatal data were collected for all infants. Multiple antenatal, perinatal and postnatal risk factors were identified. ROP was seen in birth weight of 1727 gr. ± 346 and gestational age of 32.8±2.2 weeks. There was significant difference in gestational age and birth weight between preterms infants with and without ROP (p< 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the occurrence of ROP and gestational age, Birth weight, Apgar scor 1min., multiple pregnancy and IVF(in vitro fertilization) (p<0.05) The incidence of ROP was an overall 38.7%.The incidence of ROP in assisted conception- in vitro fertilization were 60.8%, and in a natural way fertilization were 39.2%.The incidences of ROP according gender were 45.6 %-male, and 54.4% female
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    The advantage of the fixed combinations in patients with glaucoma
    (Serbian Association of Ophthalmologists, 2018)
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    Blazevska Buzarovska, Karolina
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    Petrusevska, Andrijana
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    Ivanova, Maja
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    Реконструктивни методи на корекција на малпозиции на долен капак
    (Macedonian Ophthalmologists Society, 2009)
    Stavric, Dejan
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    Bina, Drejtim
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    Nikolovska, Biljana
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    Прематурна ретинопатија во Република Македонија
    (Macedonian Ophthalmologists Society, 2017)
    Б. Татеши
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