Arsikj, Elena

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Arsikj, Elena
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Arsikj, Elena

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    ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PEOPLE WHO ARE LIVING WITH HIV AND ARE ON ANTIRETYROVIRAL TREATMENT
    (Macedonian Association of Anatomists, 2025-05-02)
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    Saveski, Velimir
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    The extended life expectancy of people living with HIV infection increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). To assess the prevalence of MS, the association of triple regimen antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the role of the chronic inflammatory process caused by the HIV virus with the onset of MS. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 HIV infected adult patients with confirmed HIV infection who regularly receive ART at the University Clinic for infectious diseases and febrile conditions in Skopje. In all patients, the presence of MS was determined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ATP III (NCEP ATPIII) 2005. The statistical software SPSS (ver. 23.0; IBM, SPSS, USA) was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of MS in persons with HIV infection in RNM was 17.96%. The group of patients with MS were significantly older and had significantly higher Body Mass Index and greater waist circumference (28.82 ± 4.6 kg/m2 vs 23.91 ± 3.6 kg/m2 p<0.0001) and (101.04 ± 12.4 vs 87.19 ± 9.8cm,p<0.0001), respectively. Treatment of patients with ART did not show a significant difference in the group with and without MS. There is a significant difference regarding the frequency of IL 6 (p=0.012). Aging and increasing Body Mass Index are significant risk factors in the developing of MS in persons with HIV infection who are on ART treatment.
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    METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY TREATMENT EXPERIENCED BY PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
    (Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 2024)
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    Saveski, Velimir
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    Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) constitutes a group of risk factors that significantly affect the quality of life and life expectancy of people living with HIV. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of MS among people living with HIV who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM). Material and methods: A study was conducted on 53 adult patients with confirmed HIV infection at the University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions, who are receiving ART. In all patients, the presence of MS was determined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ATP III (NCEP ATP III), defined by at least three of five risk factors including: low values of HDL - high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, increased values of fasting glucose and hypertension. The statistical analysis was made by utilizing the statistical program SPSS 23.0. Results: The average age of patients was 35.7 ± 8.3, with a male predominance of 90.57%. All patients had undetectable values of HIV RNA viral load in serum and 79.25% had achieved immune reconstitution with a CD4 count above 350 cells/ml. The prevalence of MS among people living with HIV in RNM was 7.55%, or out of 53 respondents 4 had MS. Conclusion: People with HIV infection in RNM who regularly receive ART have a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
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    RHABDOMYOLYSIS IN PATIENT WITH INFLUENZA A - CASE REPORT
    (Македонско лекарско друштво = Macedonian medical association/De Gruyter, 2023-12)
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    Stojanoska, Tatjana
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    Dimitrova, Emilija
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    Geogrgievska, Dajana
    Introduction. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious condition characterized by muscle breakdown. Common causes include exertion, crush, and drugs. Infection, many more viral infections such as influenza A and B, coxsackie viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex, adenovirus, echovirus, HIV, and cytomegalovirus are also recogni-zed as the reason for rhabdomyolysis. Case report. We present a case of a 47-year-old male patient with fever, muscle pain, and dark urine whose nasopharyngeal swab detected Influenza A infection. Initial laboratory analysis revealed extremely elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK) necessitating hospital treatment. Following a ten-day course of treatment, the patient was discharged without complications such as acute renal failure or myositis. Conclusion. Influenza A is a common infection that causes outbreaks and epidemics in cold months that do not always cause respiratory complications. Rhabdo-myolysis is a rare but serious complication that should be recognized and treated because of the high risk of morbidity and mortality.
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    PrEP Scale-Up and PEP in Central and Eastern Europe: Changes in Time and the Challenges We Face with No Expected HIV Vaccine in the near Future
    (MDPI AG, 2023-01-04)
    Gokengin, Deniz
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    Bursa, Dominik
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    Skrzat-Klapaczynska, Agata
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    Alexiev, Ivailo
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    With no expected vaccine for HIV in the near future, we aimed to define the current situation and challenges for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The Euroguidelines CEE Network Group members were invited to respond to a 27-item survey including questions on PrEP (response rate 91.6%). PrEP was licensed in 68.2%; 95 centers offered PrEP and the estimated number on PrEP was around 9000. It was available in daily (40.1%), on-demand (13.3%), or both forms (33.3%). The access rate was <1−80%. Three major barriers for access were lack of knowledge/awareness among people who are in need (59.1%), not being reimbursed (50.0%), and low perception of HIV risk (45.5%). Non-occupational PEP was available in 86.4% and was recommended in the guidelines in 54.5%. It was fully reimbursed in 36.4%, only for accidental exposures in 40.9%, and was not reimbursed in 22.72%. Occupational PEP was available in 95.5% and was reimbursed fully. Although PrEP scale-up in the region has gained momentum, a huge gap exists between those who are in need of and those who can access PrEP. Prompt action is required to address the urgent need for PrEP scale-up in the CEE region.