Now showing 1 - 10 of 13
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    Why That Picture? Discovering Password Properties in Recognition-based Graphical Authentication.
    (2016-08-05)
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    Jerman-Blazic, B
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    Numerous graphical authentication ideas have been proposed on how to address the security and usability of text-based passwords. However, it remains unclear how users approach graphical password selection and the inherent personal bias when selecting images. This study investigates user choices in password selection for recognition-based graphical authentication. Our analysis is based on a total of 302 participants continuously using a graphical authentication system during a 6-week long study. The results show pronounced preference effects for image properties such as color, shape and category. Additionally, there is a significant difference between genders in the selected images based on the same properties.
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    An analysis of social interaction between novice older adults when learning gesture‑based skills through simple digital games
    (Springer, 2021)
    Springett, M.
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    This paper reports three exploratory empirical studies with older adults that had little or no prior experience with interactive technologies. The participants were introduced to interactive technology by playing games on touchscreens, playing in pairs with the assistance of a mentor. We focus on two principle aspects, the peer-to-peer interaction during these sessions, and the role of the mentor in progressing the sessions. In the case of peer-to-peer interaction we looked for ways in which players supported each other during interaction to assess the role of peer interaction in this context. In the case of mentoring, we examined the efcacy of a minimalist approach where verbal encouragement, suggestions or (in the last resort) intervention are used to provide support to learners. The sessions showed that learners typically could play and learn basic manipulations independently after initial help and guidance from mentors. We also found that peer interaction, both in verbal and non-verbal communication and cooperative action was broadly a positive infuence within sessions, suggesting that there is a signifcant value in building confdence as well as in learning.
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    “Towards the Application of Blockchain Technology for Improving Trade Facilitation in CEFTA 2006”
    (Sveuciliste u Dubrovniku, 2019)
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    The benefits and value drivers of customs digitalization are considerable. The key motivation is the efficiency associated with minimizing the cost of managing documents throughout the trade process, including costs associated with the exchange of documents with other countries, as well as the procurement and facilitation of those documents. Since it is of general knowledge that effective trade facilitation signifies reliability and security of the trade transactions we think that blockchain technology may be able to offer a high level of confidence in these areas to both traders and regulators. The proposal presented in this paper is focused on jointly moving all (customs) stakeholders towards a standardized integration of collaborative processes. By investigating blockchain solutions along with technology and standards, we propose a pathway to achieving an international system-to-system integration. Taking into consideration the realization of deeper integration among the countries, especially in the field of trade and digital integration, we try to analyze how blockchain technology can help support that integration. In order to analyze the possible application of this technology for deepening CEFTA integration through enhancing trade facilitation we briefly refer to its’ positive aspects. Instead of developing individual software solutions in CEFTA countries it might be beneficial to move services to a blockchain technology platform. While currently, this might be hindered by local policies, blockchain technology will have its’ influence and application in trade facilitation as it has in many other fields. With full awareness of the possible threats and challenges, it is of the utmost importance to engage in discovering the most compatible pathway to apply this technology in regional trade facilitation and deepen digital integration among CEFTA member countries.
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    Brand orientation, brand-building behavior, and brand identity in SMEs: An empirical evaluation
    (2020)
    Osakwe, C.
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    Purpose – This study aims to facilitate the understanding of brand building among owners/managers of SMEs by highlighting the relationships among the multidimensionality of brand orientation, brand-building behavior and brand identity. Design/methodology/approach – In addressing the research issue, the study uses responses from 158 domesticated SMEs in North Macedonia, afterwards relying on structural equation modeling to test the research propositions. Findings – This study validates brand orientation as a multidimensional term that is underlined by brand artefacts, norms and values. This study also validates the assumptions that brand orientation, brand-building behavior and brand identity are significantly related. Research limitations/implications – While it is possible that our evidence base is limited to the context studied, the research findings nevertheless contribute primarily to the emergent scholarship on SMEs’ brand building. Practical implications –This study has practical consequences for SMEs’ brand building. More specifically, it enriches the understanding of the interrelationships between brand orientation, brand-building behavior and brand identity. Originality/value – This study provides an advanced perspective of brand orientation as a complex phenomenon and further provides understanding of its relations to brand-building behavior and brand identity of the domesticated SMEs
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    An experimental study on the validity and reliability of a smartphone application to acquire temporal variables during the single sit-to-stand test with older adults
    (MDPI, 2021-03-15)
    Marques, Diogo Luís
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    Pereira Neiva, Henrique
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    Pires, Ivan Miguel
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    Smartphone sensors have often been proposed as pervasive measurement systems to assess mobility in older adults due to their ease of use and low-cost. This study analyzes a smartphone-based application’s validity and reliability to quantify temporal variables during the single sit-to-stand test with institutionalized older adults. Forty older adults (20 women and 20 men; 78.9 ± 8.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study. All participants performed the single sit-to-stand test. Each sit-to-stand repetition was performed after an acoustic signal was emitted by the smartphone app. All data were acquired simultaneously with a smartphone and a digital video camera. The measured temporal variables were stand-up time and total time. The relative reliability and systematic bias inter-device were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. In contrast, absolute reliability was assessed using the standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation (CV). Inter-device concurrent validity was assessed through correlation analysis. The absolute percent error (APE) and the accuracy were also calculated. The results showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.92–0.97; CV = 1.85–3.03) and very strong relationships inter-devices for the stand-up time (r = 0.94) and the total time (r = 0.98). The APE was lower than 6%, and the accuracy was higher than 94%. Based on our data, the findings suggest that the smartphone application is valid and reliable to collect the stand-up time and total time during the single sit-to-stand test with older adults.
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    Leveraging Deep Learning Models for Accurate and Reproducible Cardiac Measurements in Echocardiography
    (IEEE, 2024-04-18)
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    The primary metrics recorded during ultrasound sessions focused on cardiac assessment are focused on the size of the heart's features, its two chambers and pre-chambers. Presently, these measurements are predominantly conducted manually, relying on the subjective judgment of medical professionals. A sonographer takes a transthoracic echocardiogram by first applying a viscous ultrasound gel on the patient at five distinct physical locations and placing the transducer on these positions at various angles. Each angle captures slightly different perspectives of the heart called views. From each view we can make out cutouts of cardiac structures and see motion of valves and walls. This study introduces an innovative approach to cardiac assessment which delegates the evaluation task to a trained algorithm. This has the potential to expedite the measurement process and help clinicians in the interpretation of the results by proposing common cardiac issues based on pre-trained data. In the paper we provide a process for intelligent extraction of diameters along the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and aortic apparatus using only the ultrasound image. We show that it is possible to successfully train a model which can extract the measurements of the diameter of the LVOT in mid systole, the diameter of the aorta annulus (AA) in mid-systole, the diameter at the aortic sinus of Valsalva (ASV) at end diastole, and the diameter of the Sino tubular junction (SJ) at end diastole. With these measures extracted, the model uses machine learning to automate the diagnostics process which can bring diagnostics closer to patients’ homes.
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    A Systematic Investigation of Models for Color Image Processing in Wound Size Estimation
    (2021-04-01)
    Ferreira, Filipe
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    Pires, Ivan Miguel
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    Costa, Mónica
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    Ponciano, Vasco
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    Garcia, Nuno M
    In recent years, research in tracking and assessing wound severity using computerized image processing has increased. With the emergence of mobile devices, powerful functionalities and processing capabilities have provided multiple non-invasive wound evaluation opportunities in both clinical and non-clinical settings. With current imaging technologies, objective and reliable techniques provide qualitative information that can be further processed to provide quantitative information on the size, structure, and color characteristics of wounds. These efficient image analysis algorithms help determine the injury features and the progress of healing in a short time. This paper presents a systematic investigation of articles that specifically address the measurement of wounds’ sizes with image processing techniques, promoting the connection between computer science and health. Of the 208 studies identified by searching electronic databases, 20 were included in the review. From the perspective of image processing color models, the most dominant model was the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color space. We proposed that a method for measuring the wound area must implement different stages, including conversion to grayscale for further implementation of the threshold and a segmentation method to measure the wound area as the number of pixels for further conversion to metric units. Regarding devices, mobile technology is shown to have reached the level of reliable accuracy.
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    Experimental Study on Wound Area Measurement with Mobile Devices
    (MDPI, 2021-08-26)
    Ferreira, Filipe
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    Pires, Ivan Miguel
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    Ponciano, Vasco
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    Costa, Mónica
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    Villasana, María Vanessa
    Healthcare treatments might benefit from advances in artificial intelligence and technological equipment such as smartphones and smartwatches. The presence of cameras in these devices with increasingly robust and precise pattern recognition techniques can facilitate the estimation of the wound area and other telemedicine measurements. Currently, telemedicine is vital to the maintenance of the quality of the treatments remotely. This study proposes a method for measuring the wound area with mobile devices. The proposed approach relies on a multi-step process consisting of image capture, conversion to grayscale, blurring, application of a threshold with segmentation, identification of the wound part, dilation and erosion of the detected wound section, identification of accurate data related to the image, and measurement of the wound area. The proposed method was implemented with the OpenCV framework. Thus, it is a solution for healthcare systems by which to investigate and treat people with skin-related diseases. The proof-of-concept was performed with a static dataset of camera images on a desktop computer. After we validated the approach’s feasibility, we implemented the method in a mobile application that allows for communication between patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.