Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ukim.mk/handle/20.500.12188/5

The Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering (FCSE) within UKIM is the largest and most prestigious faculty in the field of computer science and technologies in Macedonia, and among the largest faculties in that field in the region. The FCSE teaching staff consists of 50 professors and 30 associates. These include many “best in field” personnel, such as the most referenced scientists in Macedonia and the most influential professors in the ICT industry in the Republic of Macedonia.

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    Item type:Publication,
    Privacy preserving synchronization of directed dynamical networks with periodic data-sampling
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-01)
    Jia, Qiang
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    Yao, Xinyi
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    Data privacy has become a key issue in networked systems, but few effort was devoted to privacy preservation in synchronization of nonlinear dynamical networks when data sampling is involved. This work focuses on the privacy preserving synchronization in a type of nonlinear dynamical network with sampled data. In order to preserve their private initial states, the nodes conceal the sampled data via certain deterministic perturbation, and exchange the masked data with their neighbors via the communication network. A novel privacy-preserving protocols with sampled data is developed, which differs from existing designs with continuous data, and a commonly used restriction on the nodes’ neighbor sets is unnecessary herein. By establishing a new Halanay-type inequality with decaying perturbation, some sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee synchronization without disclosing the nodes’ privacy, revealing how the decaying rate of the masking functions, the topology and the sampling period influence synchronization. Furthermore, in order to reduce the control update, the analogue of the above design with event-trigger is also given, leading to another useful condition for privacy preserving synchronization. Some numerical examples are finally given to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.
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    Contribution to the Quasigroup Based Error-Detecting Code
    (IEEE, 2023-07-19)
    In the last years we have developed few error-detecting codes based on quasigroups. One of them is the code which is a subject of this paper. The previous analyses of the code shows that the code has very high probability of detecting transmission errors. We have previously identified so-called best class of quasigroups of order 4, with the highest probability of detecting errors when the coding process is performed with a quasigroups of order 4. But, there is one more class of quasigroups of order 4, second-best class, whose quasigroups give approximately equal probability of undetected errors as the quasigroups from the best one. Therefore, we proceeded with the examination of the code when it uses quasigroups from this second-best class of quasigroups of order 4. In this paper we will analytically obtain the second important parameter of every error-detecting code, i.e. the number of errors that the code surely detects when for coding it uses a quasigroup from this second-best class of quasigroups of order 4. At the end we will conclude whether the quasigroups from these top two classes have overall equal ability to detect errors with this code.
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    A Comparison of GEC Tools for Grammatical Error Correction in English
    (IEEE, 2025-06-02)
    Virtanen, Johanna
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    Using the Building Educational Application (BEA) benchmark11https://codalab.lisn.upsaclay.fr/competitions/4057, this study compares the capabilities of Google Gemini22https://gemini.google.com/, ChatGPT33https://openai.com/chatgpt, DeepSeek44https://www.deepseek.com/en, and the builtin grammar checkers in Google Docs and Microsoft Word for grammatical error correction (GEC). These tools correct a variety of errors, some of which overlap. Based on the BEA benchmark evaluation results, Google Gemini and the Google Docs grammar checker achieve the best F0.5 scores of 60.2 and 65.86, respectively. Google Docs grammar checker is easy to use and, according to this evaluation, performs well, thus proving to be a viable option for GEC. However, standard grammar checkers are not typically designed for rewriting text to the same extent as GenAI tools; hence, it may be advisable especially for non-native speakers to combine traditional and GenAI grammar correction for the best possible results. However, it is necessary to check the grammatical corrections of LLMs, since generative AI tools suffer from hallucinations, which refers to their tendency to generate information that can be factually incorrect [1].
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    Evaluation of Scalability and Multi-tenancy: A Use-Case
    (IEEE, 2021-11-23)
    Dzalev, Stefan
    ;
    Flexibility and affordability in modern computing systems can be achieved through scalability and multi-tenancy of all involved devices. This paper presents a use-case of a multi-tenant software solution, where each tenant generates a stream of data that is subsequently processed. The processing output contains metrics to be presented on an analytical dashboard. The tenants are web applications developed using Ruby on Rails, the data streams ingestion and processing platform are developed using a Kafka cluster and KSQL, the analytical dashboard is developed using NodeJS. The use-case is evaluated by measuring the scalability through the response time from data stream creation to metrics display. The experiments are specified by changing the number of tenants and the workload for each tenant. The results show that the system can scale with regard to the number of tenants. The response time increases by 10% to 20%, when the number of tenants increases by 100% to 150%. With regard to the number of data items within the data stream, the response time is stable.
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    What makes Dew computing more than Edge computing for Internet of Things
    (IEEE, 2021-07)
    A lot of research and development activities have been referencing to edge and dew computing solutions for IoT applications, but without determining the deep distinction between these two architectural approaches. Furthermore, there is no clear explanation if dew computing is a special case of edge computing or the opposite. In this paper, we analyze the features of post-cloud architectures to build an IoT solution and clarify the main differences between dew and edge computing approaches. Although the provided analysis covers IoT solutions, still the same principles can be applied more generally.
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    Benchmarking Virtual Machine and Container-based Services for DNN Training
    (IEEE, 2021-11-23)
    Postolovski, Damjan
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    Kjirovski, Kiril
    Containerized infrastructure is becoming the leading strategy for deployment and operation of software components including trending neural networks. Training neural networks requires computational resources and complex software environments with a lot of dependencies. In this regard, containers can solve some of the software related challenges. We perform benchmarks to compare the performances of containers inside a virtual machine and a bare metal model for training three artificial neural networks on two leading cloud providers. The results show negligible performance drawback for using containers in the stack tested on Google Cloud and clear performance advantages in Amazon Web Services.
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    A 12-Bit 20-kS/s 640-nW SAR ADC With a VCDL-Based Open-Loop Time-Domain Comparator
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022-02)
    Zhou, Xiaochuan
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    Gui, Xiaoyan
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    Zhang, Yanlong
    This brief presents a 12-bit ultra-low-power asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL) based open-loop time-domain comparator is proposed and analyzed, achieving low noise and ultra-low power performance. By employing the mixed switching scheme, the segmented capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) arrays as well as the synchronous data-weighted averaging (DWA) calibration block, the proposed SAR ADC can operate from 1.8 V down to 0.8 V at 20–200 kS/s. The designed ADC is fabricated in a 0.18- μm CMOS process and the measurement results show the proposed SAR ADC achieves an SNDR of 65-dB with power consumption of 647 nW from a 0.8 V power supply at 20 kS/s.
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    Serverless and Deviceless Dew Computing: Founding an Infrastructureless Computing
    (IEEE, 2021-07)
    Cloud computing provides computing resources on a subscription basis, targeting infrastructure (hardware), platform (hardware plus system software), and software. Although post-cloud computing models bring the computing closer to the user, they still use the same principles to provide computing resources to the requestor. While building applications, designers face challenges to specify optimal computing resources. Serverless computing is the answer from cloud providers to take care about the availability of computing resources to relieve programmers suggesting to concentrate on programming functions to be executed as a service. Deviceless approach goes even further allowing functions to be executed on nearby devices instead of servers. In this sense, we define infrastructureless computing as the architectural approach where the programming is isolated from specifying the infrastructure requirements, as a general platform of serverless and deviceless computing. Moreover, the generalization of this approach initiates a new computing model where the functions are executed on a lower architectural layer instead of the higher one. For example, an edge server or device, can activate smart devices on the dew computing level and distribute computing to devices (embedded systems) on a lower architectural level. An example may be activating smartphones to perform computing tasks while being charged overnight, or using smart devices installed in cars, while parked in a parking lot. This concept enhances the dew computing architectural model making it a sophisticated platform for future architectural models.
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    A Method to Detect Ventricular Fibrillation in Electrocardiograms
    (IEEE, 2021-09-27)
    Temelkov, G.
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    The objective of this research is to create an algorithm for automatic detection of ventricular fibrillation in electrocardiogram records customized for wearable single-channel sensors. Our approach is based on observing and examining sequences of ventricular fibrillation in their frequency-domain. The research, design, and validation process, along with comprehensive annotations, is carried out on Physionet reference databases. We use a sliding window approach and apply the Fast Fourier Transform to convert the data from the time domain to the frequency domain. Our approach is based on the determination of frequency peaks, calculation of energy around the peak, and its ratio to the overall spectra. The evaluation of detection performance classification results by applying the digital signal processing algorithms with machine learning methods classify ventricular arrhythmia episodes with F1 score of 0.77 and accuracy of 0.92.
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    TPC-H Benchmark Q3, Q6 and Q12 Sequential, OpenMP Parallel and CUDA Parallel Implementation
    (IEEE, 2021-09-27)
    Mitrovski, Jovan
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    Djinevski, Leonid
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    Arsenovski, Sime
    In the last decade or two, parallel computing has solved a myriad of problems when it comes to speeding up the problem-solving process. To deliver the necessary acceleration of their product, application developers have turned to CUDA-powered GPU parallel processing. One of the many uses of the well-known NVIDIA parallel computing platform CUDA is to enhance the performance of problems whose root comes from speeding up database queries. The fundamental focus of this paper is evaluating the performance of different parallelizing techniques using the TPC-H benchmark. This is achieved by parallelizing the ‘SELECT’ queries that the benchmark offers using the Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) API (Q3, Q6, and Q12 in particular), then parallel on the GPU using the previously mentioned CUDA platform. Lastly, comparing the GPU's performance with both sequential instruction execution and parallel instruction execution on a CPU. This implementation resulted in speedup ratios ranging from 2 to 4 when analyzing the CPU-parallel code and ranging from 10 up to 558 when analyzing the GPU - parallel code.