Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ukim.mk/handle/20.500.12188/5

The Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering (FCSE) within UKIM is the largest and most prestigious faculty in the field of computer science and technologies in Macedonia, and among the largest faculties in that field in the region. The FCSE teaching staff consists of 50 professors and 30 associates. These include many “best in field” personnel, such as the most referenced scientists in Macedonia and the most influential professors in the ICT industry in the Republic of Macedonia.

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Start date: 2020Has files: No

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    Privacy preserving synchronization of directed dynamical networks with periodic data-sampling
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-01)
    Jia, Qiang
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    Yao, Xinyi
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    Data privacy has become a key issue in networked systems, but few effort was devoted to privacy preservation in synchronization of nonlinear dynamical networks when data sampling is involved. This work focuses on the privacy preserving synchronization in a type of nonlinear dynamical network with sampled data. In order to preserve their private initial states, the nodes conceal the sampled data via certain deterministic perturbation, and exchange the masked data with their neighbors via the communication network. A novel privacy-preserving protocols with sampled data is developed, which differs from existing designs with continuous data, and a commonly used restriction on the nodes’ neighbor sets is unnecessary herein. By establishing a new Halanay-type inequality with decaying perturbation, some sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee synchronization without disclosing the nodes’ privacy, revealing how the decaying rate of the masking functions, the topology and the sampling period influence synchronization. Furthermore, in order to reduce the control update, the analogue of the above design with event-trigger is also given, leading to another useful condition for privacy preserving synchronization. Some numerical examples are finally given to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.
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    Contribution to the Quasigroup Based Error-Detecting Code
    (IEEE, 2023-07-19)
    In the last years we have developed few error-detecting codes based on quasigroups. One of them is the code which is a subject of this paper. The previous analyses of the code shows that the code has very high probability of detecting transmission errors. We have previously identified so-called best class of quasigroups of order 4, with the highest probability of detecting errors when the coding process is performed with a quasigroups of order 4. But, there is one more class of quasigroups of order 4, second-best class, whose quasigroups give approximately equal probability of undetected errors as the quasigroups from the best one. Therefore, we proceeded with the examination of the code when it uses quasigroups from this second-best class of quasigroups of order 4. In this paper we will analytically obtain the second important parameter of every error-detecting code, i.e. the number of errors that the code surely detects when for coding it uses a quasigroup from this second-best class of quasigroups of order 4. At the end we will conclude whether the quasigroups from these top two classes have overall equal ability to detect errors with this code.
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    A Comparison of GEC Tools for Grammatical Error Correction in English
    (IEEE, 2025-06-02)
    Virtanen, Johanna
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    Using the Building Educational Application (BEA) benchmark11https://codalab.lisn.upsaclay.fr/competitions/4057, this study compares the capabilities of Google Gemini22https://gemini.google.com/, ChatGPT33https://openai.com/chatgpt, DeepSeek44https://www.deepseek.com/en, and the builtin grammar checkers in Google Docs and Microsoft Word for grammatical error correction (GEC). These tools correct a variety of errors, some of which overlap. Based on the BEA benchmark evaluation results, Google Gemini and the Google Docs grammar checker achieve the best F0.5 scores of 60.2 and 65.86, respectively. Google Docs grammar checker is easy to use and, according to this evaluation, performs well, thus proving to be a viable option for GEC. However, standard grammar checkers are not typically designed for rewriting text to the same extent as GenAI tools; hence, it may be advisable especially for non-native speakers to combine traditional and GenAI grammar correction for the best possible results. However, it is necessary to check the grammatical corrections of LLMs, since generative AI tools suffer from hallucinations, which refers to their tendency to generate information that can be factually incorrect [1].
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    The Ability of Word Embeddings to Capture Word Similarities
    (Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2020-06-30)
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    Kalajdjieski, Jovan
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    Stojanovska, Frosina
    Distributed language representation has become the most widely used technique for language representation in various natural language processing tasks. Most of the natural language processing models that are based on deep learning techniques use already pre-trained distributed word representations, commonly called word embedding. Determining the most qualitative word embedding is of crucial importance for such models. However, selecting the appropriate word embedding is a perplexing task since the projected embedding space is not intuitive to humans.In this paper, we explore different approaches for creating distributed word representations. We perform an intrinsic evaluation of several state-of-the-art word embedding methods. Their performance on capturing word similarities is analysed with existing benchmark datasets for word pairs similarities. The research in this paper conducts a correlation analysis between ground truth word similarities and similarities obtained by different word embedding methods.
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    Noninvasive Glucose Measurement Using Machine Learning and Neural Network Methods and Correlation with Heart Rate Variability
    (Wiley, 2020-01-06)
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    Spasevski, Gjoko
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    Diabetes is one of today’s greatest global problems, and it is only becoming bigger. Constant measuring of blood glucose level is a prerequisite for monitoring glucose blood level and establishing diabetes treatment procedures. The usual way of glucose level measuring is by an invasive procedure that requires finger pricking with the lancet and might become painful and obeying, especially if this becomes a daily routine. In this study, we analyze noninvasive glucose measurement approaches and present several classification dimensions according to different criteria: size, invasiveness, analyzed media, sensing properties, applied method, activation type, response delay, measurement duration, and access to results. We set the focus on using machine learning and neural network methods and correlation with heart rate variability and electrocardiogram, as a new research and development trend.
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    A Programmatic Approach for Development of the ViewHRV Service Platform with Accurate and Reliable Results
    (IEEE, 2020-09-28)
    Shaqiri, E.
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    There are dozens of available packages and libraries that claim to calculate HRV. This paper aims at comparing the results from the calculation of a single array of intervals between normal beats, including the most popular open source Python HRV measurement packages available on GitHub. Furthermore, the same array was ran through the Kubios software and compared to the previous results. In order to compare the accuracy of the results, as a benchmark we used the C programs provided by Physionet. The results showed a huge difference in the results with almost all the indices, in fact the simplest measurement that of Standard Deviation of NN Intervals showed to be incorrect in Kubios and in most of the Python packages. Results like these are the reason we decided to develop our own package to calculate HRV. Finally, the goal of this paper is to present details on developing a publicly available web service platform ViewHRV with guaranteed precision obtaining accurate and reliable results.
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    Impact of Dew Computing on Cyber-Physical Systems and IoT
    (IEEE, 2020-09-28)
    Cyber-physical systems and IoT devices are part of today's interconnected networked world and participate in huge data exchange transfer. Owners of related devices and systems tend to use them independently of external systems and in addition, to be autonomous devices and systems that can perform their tasks without any external support. Edge computing refers to devices on the edge of the Internet, as they integrate into a more complex cyber-physical system. The concept of edge computing means that the corresponding cloud and edge servers are always connected to the edge devices and IoT. In the analyzed case, although these devices and systems can work in an integrated environment, they are rather classified into the dew computing concept, giving them an environment for autonomous performance, independent of surrounding devices and systems. This paper elaborates the underlying concept, benefits, market trends and impact of integrating the dew computing concept to the cyber-physical systems and IoT devices.
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    Correlating Short-Term Heart Rate Variability and Instantaneous Blood Glucose Measurements
    (IEEE, 2020-11-24)
    Vishinov, Ilija
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    In this research, we aim to analyze the correlations between instantaneous blood glucose measurements and short term (30 seconds to 5 minutes) heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and check the research hypothesis that these HRV parameters indicate the ability of a patient to control the blood glucose level. Methodology: Pearson and Spearman's Rank correlations are used as methods within this paper. Although 155 patients with heart problems and arrhythmia were included in the study, only intervals between normal heartbeats were evaluated. Data: The HRV parameters correlated to the blood glucose levels are divided into time-domain (TD) HRV parameters: SDNN, SDNN Prima (SDNN-1), ASDNN, ASDNN Prima (ASDNN-1), ASDNN Secunda (ASDNN-2), ASDNN Tertia (ASDNN-3), SDANN Secunda (SDANN-2), SDANN Tertia (SDANN-3), NN50, NN50 Prima (NN50-1), pNN50, pNN50 Prima (pNN50-1), rMSSD and rMSSD Prima (rMSSD-1); and non-linear HRV parameters: SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2. Several methods were utilized to process the ECG signal strip and eliminate the ectopic beats, artifacts, lost signals, noise, and other segments that influence HRV metrics. Conclusion: We found that SD1/SD2 showed the strongest positive correlations for 5 minute ECG recordings, 45-40 minutes before ( r = 0.36) and 20-25 minutes after ( r = 0.31) the fasting glucose measurement satisfying the condition p ≤ 0.05. We conclude that short term HRV parameters can't indicate a strong linear or monotonic correlation to the blood glucose regulation ability, but can motivate further research including deep learning.
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    Design of a Non-invasive ECG-based Glucose Measurement System
    (IEEE, 2020-09-28)
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    Guseva, E.
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    Poposka, L.
    Diabetic patients have to pay for each glucose reading with a blood drop and a small fortune. In addition, routine finger pricking is troublesome for diabetic patients because it can lead to scarring. It is no surprise then that the idea that glucose measurement can be done cheaply and in a non-invasive way surpasses the wildest dreams of diabetic patients. The goal of this paper is to present the design of a new technology solution for non-invasive glucose measurement based on processing the electrocardiogram obtained via a light easy-to-wear ECG monitor. We present details on how to develop a service that tracks glucose levels based on real-time ECG monitoring, and using sophisticated machine learning and related technologies. Our initial analysis shows that no similar solution is present on the market today, although several research initiatives are ongoing.
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    Dew Computing Architecture for Cyber-Physical Systems and IoT
    (Elsevier BV, 2020-09)
    The concept to be on the edge of the Internet network means that the analyzed devices and systems will work only as a part of a general common integrated system, such as in the case of cyber-physical systems and various devices that act as an Internet of connected Things. Although post-cloud architectures are most commonly associated with edge computing, a focus in this paper is set on dew computing architecture that extends this concept with a specific architecture out of the edge. The dew computing implementation in cyber-physical systems allows autonomous devices and smart systems, that can collaborate and exchange information with the environment, still be independent of other external systems or perform in a connected more complex cyber-physical system of systems. This paper aims at presenting an architecture of applying dew computing for cyber-physical systems, elaborating the new features and functionalities and comparing it to other similar architectures.