Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ukim.mk/handle/20.500.12188/5

The Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering (FCSE) within UKIM is the largest and most prestigious faculty in the field of computer science and technologies in Macedonia, and among the largest faculties in that field in the region. The FCSE teaching staff consists of 50 professors and 30 associates. These include many “best in field” personnel, such as the most referenced scientists in Macedonia and the most influential professors in the ICT industry in the Republic of Macedonia.

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Methodology for food prices forecasting
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Peshevski, Dimitar
;
Todorovska, Ana
;
Trajkovikj, Filip
;
Hristov, Nikola
;
Trajanoska, Milena
Fluctuations in food prices play a pivotal role in maintaining economic equilibrium and influencing the very fabric of our everyday lives. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing food price trends in 12 select European countries, spanning from January 2013 to January 2023, utilizing advanced state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques. To achieve this objective, historical price data and technical indicators are incorporated into the proposed XGBoost model alongside a baseline model. The model results are assessed using various measures, and a benchmark is established. Notably, the average achieved R2 for predicting food prices within the time frame from January 2020 to January 2022 is 0.85 and 0.64 from January 2021 to January 2023. The findings reveal the efficacy of the proposed model, providing valuable insights into food price forecasting model interpretability and laying the groundwork for further research, including exploration into areas such as food fraud, food sustainability, and other pertinent topics in food economics.
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Assessing the Environmental Impact of Plant-Based Diets: A Comprehensive Analysis
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Golubova, Blagica
;
Fetaji, Fjola
;
Dobreva, Jovana
;
Trajanoska, Milena
;
Todorovska, Ana
This study examines a pressing issue related to the loss of natural resources and biodiversity driven by the high reliance of food production on ecosystem management services. The well-being of all living species is impacted by this depletion, which represents a huge obstacle in our collaborative effort to improve environmental quality. Our research aims to explain the environmental effects of food production and raise awareness of pollution levels at various phases of this process. This research combines statistical analysis and visualization to show considerable differences in CO2eq emissions among 43 different food products. In particular, it highlights how animal-based diets have much higher emissions than their plant-based equivalents. Subsequently, the products were divided into three distinct groups: plant-based, animal-based, and refined oils and sugars. This demonstrated how well an unsupervised clustering technique separates food products according to their CO2eq emissions. Where, these findings highlight how excellent plant-based products are for the environment. The main goal of this study goes beyond simple observation since it aims to provide an example of how a comprehensive, health-conscious eating habit may live with a stable ecosystem and clean surroundings. Particularly, reductions in cane sugar production yield substantial reductions in CO2 emissions, whereas even marginal decreases in meat production result in a significant reduction in emissions. These results highlight the potential for sustainable eating habits to aid in environmental conservation and deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between dietary decisions and environmental effects.
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A comprehensive study of food prices and food fraud in the European Union
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Trajkovikj, Filip
;
Todorovska, Ana
;
Peshevski, Dimitar
;
Nakova, Lina
;
Trajanoska, Milena
This research delves into the intricate dynamics of food pricing and fraud within European Union member countries. We analyze the complex interplay between food categories and countries, unraveling unique pricing trends and potential anomalies. By computing inflation-adjusted expected prices and sourcing real prices, we gain a deep understanding of inflation’s impact on actual food costs. Our multi-level analyses, network-based approaches, and cluster maps provide a global perspective, revealing international correlations in food pricing and fraud. The significance of our findings lies in setting the groundwork for understanding food fraud, informing strategies for fraud prevention, consumer protection, and, ultimately, food sustainability. Our work serves as a crucial resource for policymakers, economists, and consumers, emphasizing the importance of data-driven decision-making and transparency in the ever-evolving landscape of the European food market.
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Deep Learning Methods for Bug Bite Classification: An End-to-End System
(MDPI AG, 2023-04-21)
;
Trojachanec Dineva, Katarina
;
Tojtovska Ribarski, Biljana
;
Petrov, Petar
;
Mladenovska, Teodora
<jats:p>A bite from a bug may expose the affected person to serious, life-threatening conditions, which may require immediate medical attention. The identification of the bug bite may be challenging even for experienced medical personnel due to the different manifestations of the bites and similarity to other skin conditions. This motivated our work on a computer-aided system that offers information on the bug bite based on the classification of bug bite images. Recently, there have been significant advances of methods for image classification for the detection of various skin conditions. However, there are very few sources that discuss the classification of bug bites. The goal of our research is to fill in this gap in the literature and offer a comprehensive approach for the analysis of this topic. This includes (1) the creation of a dataset that is larger than those considered in the related sources; (2) the exploration and analysis of the application of pre-trained state-of-the-art deep learning architectures with transfer learning, used in this study to overcome the challenges of low-size datasets and computational burden; (3) the further improvement of the classification performance of the individual CNNs by proposing an ensemble of models, and finally, (4) the implementation and description of an end-to-end system for bug bite classification from images taken with mobile phones, which should be beneficial to the medical personnel in the diagnostic process. In this paper, we give a detailed discussion of the models’ architecture, back-end architecture, and performance. According to the general evaluation metrics, DenseNet169 with an accuracy of 78% outperformed the other individual CNN models. However, the overall best performance (accuracy of 86%) was achieved by the proposed stacking ensemble model. These results are better than the results in the limited related work. Additionally, they show that deep CNNs and transfer learning can be successfully applied to the problem of the classification of bug bites.</jats:p>
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A comprehensive study of food prices and food fraud in the European Union
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Trajkovikj, Filip
;
Todorovska, Ana
;
Peshevski, Dimitar
;
Nakova, Lina
;
Trajanoska, Milena
This research delves into the intricate dynamics of food pricing and fraud within European Union member countries. We analyze the complex interplay between food categories and countries, unraveling unique pricing trends and potential anomalies. By computing inflation-adjusted expected prices and sourcing real prices, we gain a deep understanding of inflation’s impact on actual food costs. Our multi-level analyses, network-based approaches, and cluster maps provide a global perspective, revealing international correlations in food pricing and fraud. The significance of our findings lies in setting the groundwork for understanding food fraud, informing strategies for fraud prevention, consumer protection, and, ultimately, food sustainability. Our work serves as a crucial resource for policymakers, economists, and consumers, emphasizing the importance of data-driven decision-making and transparency in the ever-evolving landscape of the European food market.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
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Methodology for food prices forecasting
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Peshevski, Dimitar
;
Todorovska, Ana
;
Trajkovikj, Filip
;
Hristov, Nikola
;
Trajanoska, Milena
Fluctuations in food prices play a pivotal role in maintaining economic equilibrium and influencing the very fabric of our everyday lives. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing food price trends in 12 select European countries, spanning from January 2013 to January 2023, utilizing advanced state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques. To achieve this objective, historical price data and technical indicators are incorporated into the proposed XGBoost model alongside a baseline model. The model results are assessed using various measures, and a benchmark is established. Notably, the average achieved R2 for predicting food prices within the time frame from January 2020 to January 2022 is 0.85 and 0.64 from January 2021 to January 2023. The findings reveal the efficacy of the proposed model, providing valuable insights into food price forecasting model interpretability and laying the groundwork for further research, including exploration into areas such as food fraud, food sustainability, and other pertinent topics in food economics.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Methodology for food prices forecasting
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Peshevski, Dimitar
;
Todorovska, Ana
;
Trajkovikj, Filip
;
Hristov, Nikola
;
Trajanoska, Milena
Fluctuations in food prices play a pivotal role in maintaining economic equilibrium and influencing the very fabric of our everyday lives. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing food price trends in 12 select European countries, spanning from January 2013 to January 2023, utilizing advanced state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques. To achieve this objective, historical price data and technical indicators are incorporated into the proposed XGBoost model alongside a baseline model. The model results are assessed using various measures, and a benchmark is established. Notably, the average achieved R2 for predicting food prices within the time frame from January 2020 to January 2022 is 0.85 and 0.64 from January 2021 to January 2023. The findings reveal the efficacy of the proposed model, providing valuable insights into food price forecasting model interpretability and laying the groundwork for further research, including exploration into areas such as food fraud, food sustainability, and other pertinent topics in food economics.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Plant-Based Diets: A Comprehensive Analysis
(IEEE, 2023-12-15)
Golubova, Blagica
;
Fetaji, Fjola
;
Dobreva, Jovana
;
Trajanoska, Milena
;
Todorovska, Ana
This study examines a pressing issue related to the loss of natural resources and biodiversity driven by the high reliance of food production on ecosystem management services. The well-being of all living species is impacted by this depletion, which represents a huge obstacle in our collaborative effort to improve environmental quality. Our research aims to explain the environmental effects of food production and raise awareness of pollution levels at various phases of this process. This research combines statistical analysis and visualization to show considerable differences in CO2eq emissions among 43 different food products. In particular, it highlights how animal-based diets have much higher emissions than their plant-based equivalents. Subsequently, the products were divided into three distinct groups: plant-based, animal-based, and refined oils and sugars. This demonstrated how well an unsupervised clustering technique separates food products according to their CO2eq emissions. Where, these findings highlight how excellent plant-based products are for the environment. The main goal of this study goes beyond simple observation since it aims to provide an example of how a comprehensive, health-conscious eating habit may live with a stable ecosystem and clean surroundings. Particularly, reductions in cane sugar production yield substantial reductions in CO2 emissions, whereas even marginal decreases in meat production result in a significant reduction in emissions. These results highlight the potential for sustainable eating habits to aid in environmental conservation and deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between dietary decisions and environmental effects.
Some of the metrics are blocked by your
consent settings
Application of Diversified Ensemble Learning in Real-life Business Problems: The Case of Predicting Costs of Forwarding Contracts
(IEEE, 2022-09-04)
Trajanoska, Milena
;
Gjorgovski, Pavel
;
Finding an optimal machine learning model that can be applied to a business problem is a complex challenge that needs to provide a balance between multiple requirements, including a high predictive performance of the model, continuous learning and deployment, and explainability of the predictions. The topic of the FedCSIS 2022 Challenge: ‘Predicting the Costs of Forwarding Contracts’ is related to the challenges logistics and transportation companies are facing. To tackle these challenges, we established an entire Machine Learning framework which includes domain-specific feature engineering and enrichment, generic feature transformation and extraction, model hyperparameter tuning, and creating ensembles of traditional and deep learning models. Our contributions additionally include an analysis of the types of models which are suitable for the case of predicting a multi-modal continuous target variable, as well as an explainable analysis of the features which have the largest impact on predicting the value of these costs. We further show that ensembles created by combining multiple different models trained with different algorithms can improve the performance on unseen data. In this particular dataset, the experiments showed that such a combination improves the score by 3% compared to the best performing individual model.
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Enhancing Knowledge Graph Construction Using Large Language Models
(Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Republic of North Macedonia, 2023-07)
Trajanoska, Milena
;
;
The growing trend of Large Language Models (LLM) development has attracted significant attention, with mod els for various applications emerging consistently. However, the combined application of Large Language Models with semantic technologies for reasoning and inference is still a challenging task. This paper analyzes how the current advances in foundational LLM, like ChatGPT, can be compared with the specialized pretrained models, like REBEL, for joint entity and relation extraction. To evaluate this approach, we conducted several experiments using sustainability-related text as our use case. We created pipelines for the automatic creation of Knowledge Graphs from raw texts, and our findings indicate that using advanced LLM models can improve the accuracy of the process of creating these graphs from unstructured text. Furthermore, we explored the potential of automatic ontology creation using foundation LLM models, which resulted in even more relevant and accurate knowledge graphs.

Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

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