Faculty of Civil Engineering
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Item type:Publication, Geotechnical conditions for construction of road infrastructure, experiences and practices(Macedonian Association of Road Engineers, 2022); ; Trajanovski, Vane - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Regression methods in analysis of geotechnical parameters of coal deposits(Union od Mathematicians of Macedonia – ARMAGANKA, 2021); ; ; Misajleski, Zoran - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Comparison of Design of Rectangular Cross Sections Reinforced Only in the Tension Zone According to PBAB/87 and Eurocode 2(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2023); The long-term experience and practice created in a country or region which translates into the local standards is an inseparable part of the principles of the engineering profession. This is precisely expressed in our country, a country with a rich engineering tradition, through our standards, where the orientation towards the calculation of reinforced concrete cross-sections through the theory of limit states, formally introduced in our "Regulations for technical standards for concrete and reinforced concrete" that is PBAB/87. The Eurocodes, as new valid design standards in North Macedonia, bring with them the experiences and practice from European countries whose old standards have been incorporated into the new Eurocodes. Most of those experiences due to the same principle of calculating the reinforced concrete cross-sections that is according to the theory of limit states, are the same or quite similar to ours. However, due to the majority of countries that have adopted the Eurocodes, they must offer flexibility and adaptability in order to cover the wide spectrum of experiences from all over Europe. Consequently, if we focus only on the calculations of the reinforced concrete cross-sections, immediately noticeable are the three different models of the computational working diagrams of concrete, as well as two possible models of the computational working diagrams of the reinforcing steel. Where as a newability that has never existed in our practice are the unlimited strains in reinforcing steel according to one diagram, i.e the strains limited to a high value according to the second diagram. In this paper, a comparative analysis is made of the various methods of calculating reinforced concrete cross-sections according to our and new standards. More specifically, the differences in the calculations of cross-sections according to PBAB/87 and Eurocode 2 using the same working diagram were explored. The difference when using the parable-line diagram with the rectangular working diagram according to Eurocode 2, as well as the difference when using the working diagram of reinforcement with and without steel hardening, is also analyzed. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Comparison of Code for Design and Analysis of Composite Columns(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2023); ; This paper presents the construction regulations and regulations for the design and analysis of coupled columns. Composite columns are composite materials made up of several components such as concrete, steel and reinforcement, while using the rationally positive aspects of concrete as a pressure load and having a part in increasing the fire resistance of the section and steel as reinforcement or a rigid core, which accept loads of pressure and tension also has a great role in increasing the fire resistance of the section and also with adhesion between concrete and steel in the section, a rational solution for the design of modern structures is possible. The trend of innovations in construction requires modern solutions, one of them is the coupled construction system, which also requires greater analysis. In terms of the practice of application and performance of coupled structures, due to the problem that is not sufficiently researched, the largest number of designers claim either reinforced concrete or steel sections in appropriate classical reinforced concrete or steel structural systems. Available literature and practical applications are very few. They are mostly studied in Eurocode 4, and their expressions and explanations are the basis of other regulations from Japan, China, Russia, USA, India, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Ethiopia, Canada, etc. which have an almost similar concept of analysis according to Eurocode 4. The paper shows comparisons of regulations and building regulations for the design of coupled columns as part of the coupled construction system with pictures, diagrams and empirical beams and shows the most applied concept of analysis of coupled columns as well as the simplified method of analysis according to Eurocode 4. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Comparison of Completely and Partially Concreted Composite Columns According to Eurocode 4(2023); ; The paper provides a review of the analysis of fully and partially concreted sections of coupled columns with a comparative analysis of the obtained results. The purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis of fully concreted composite columns with steel profile core and additional soft reinforcement and partially concreted steel profile columns and additional soft reinforcement. In the analysis, the same and similar cross-sections are taken to see how effective it is in carrying axial forces and biaxial bending for comparing fully coupled columns with partially coupled columns. The entire analysis is carried out according to Eurocode 4 and theoretical assumptions are introduced in the analysis and biaxial bending and shearing of the cross sections of the two types of coupled columns are calculated. The analyzed sections are examples from practice loaded with real loads. The materials of the spliced columns are rigid steel profiles with steel grades S235 – S460, concrete grades C20/25 – C50/60, soft reinforcement quality S460 and B500 with reinforcement percentages of 1-6% and an assumed fire-resistance scenario. from R30 – R240. Combinations of calculations for different brands of concrete, different qualities of steel and reinforcement for different cross-sections with percentages of reinforcement, as well as combinations of moment ratios and comparisons of cross-sections, have been made. From the given static influences, the cross section for combined pressure and biaxial action is determined and interaction N–M diagrams are determined along both axes with percentages of reinforcement shown as a final output that can be used in future simplified calculations. Results and conclusions were obtained from the comparison, with which one can see the differences of coupled columns of fully and partially coupled sections. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Influence of Seismic Hazard and Importance Class on The Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2023) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Dynamic Behaviour of RC Bridges Under Moving Loads: A Simplified Numerical and Analytical Approach(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2023); ; ; Mark, PeterUsing numerical and analytical modelling of the dynamic behaviour of concrete bridges subjected to moving loads is essential for ensuring their structural safety and durability. This topic aims to investigate the impact of moving loads on the dynamic behaviour of concrete bridges and to identify simplified methods for accurately evaluating their response. This research addresses the practical necessity for simple, reliable and efficient methods for monitoring the structural integrity of concrete bridges under traffic loading conditions. A range of research methodologies can be utilised to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of concrete bridges under the influence of moving loads. These may encompass numerical modelling techniques such as Vehicle-Bridge-Interaction (VBI) and analytical techniques such as Response Surface Methodology (RSM). VBI entails simulating the interaction between moving vehicles and bridge structures to assess their dynamic response. RSM involves creating a meta-model for predicting the response of bridge structures subjected to various parameters of interest, including bridge span, pavement condition, the velocity of moving vehicles, their trajectory, and the weight and number of axles of vehicles. Sensitivity analysis can subsequently be employed to identify the most critical parameter that influences the response. One of the possible responses for evaluating the dynamic behaviour of bridge structures is the Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF). This factor indicates the increase in effects caused by the dynamic action of the load. In other words, it shows how many times the static effects are amplified due to dynamic behaviour. A crucial finding of this research is that many interrelated factors influence the dynamic response of concrete bridges to moving loads. These may encompass the bridge's design and its properties, material properties, condition, and the moving loads' characteristics. Hence there is need for a combination of numerical and analytical modelling. Each methodology has advantages and limitations, and a comprehensive assessment of a bridge's dynamic behaviour requires multiple approaches. Evaluating the dynamic behaviour of concrete bridges under the influence of moving loads is a complex undertaking that necessitates a multi-dimensional approach. By integrating numerical and analytical modelling techniques such as VBI and RSM, it is possible to accurately determine the impact of moving loads on bridge structures and ensure their structural safety and durability. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Crack width control in RC beams: experimental and analytical results(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2022); ; In order to satisfy the required level of reliability, the structure has to be designed so none of the ultimate and serviceability limit states will be reached within the expected service life. By undertaking measures for ensuring the required durability, its serviceability is directly affected, as well as its load-bearing capacity, which may be endangered due to the dilapidation of the structure. Limitation of crack width and the adequately provided concrete cover, which primarily lead to corrosion protection of steel reinforcement, are one of the basic and maybe the most important preconditions for ensuring the required durability. Despite the wide range of knowledge gained through numerous experimental and theoretical studies, there are still certain dilemmas regarding the implementation of models given in the codes for crack control. In order to determine the influence of long-term sustained load on the serviceability limit state-crack control and to estimate the level of accuracy of the considered analytical models, an experimental program on RC beams was realized. Eight beams with dimensions 15/28/300cm were made and monitored in a laboratory environment with constant ambient conditions. This paper presents formation and development of the cracks in the considered time period of one year. An overview of the obtained results using several modern analytical models for crack prediction is also provided. In this paper, the results show that the modern analytical models given in the standards with satisfactory accuracy can predict the serviceability limit state-crack control due to long-term load. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cracks in reinforced concrete structures due to restrained imposed deformations – case studies(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2022); ; ; - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Overview of standards for static and dynamic proof load testing of RC bridges(Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers (MASE), 2022); ; The primary purpose of the testing of structures with proof load is to obtain data on their actual load-bearing capacity, stability, serviceability, as well as on other parameters of their behaviour, ie., on the compliance of the constructed structure with the used numerical model. In addition, such testing can be a final control (confirmation) of the quality of the newly built buildings. Bridges are one of the structures that, depending on their purpose and span, are subject to proof load testing, which depending on the way the load is applied, can be static and dynamic. As a prerequisite for performing a quality test, it is necessary to follow and apply standardized procedures, including a quality test program and the application of precise, calibrated measuring equipment. The neglect of these procedures leads to doubts about the measured results' reliability and usability. This paper first focuses on reinforced concrete bridges' static and dynamic proof load testing procedures. The specific aspects of the proof load testing are then presented, with an overview of the necessary previous work to be done before starting the test, determining the intensity of the proof load, the procedures that follow during the test process, and the post-processing of the measured results and their analysis. Based on the performed review and systematization of the procedures for examination with proof load, as well as the experiences gained from examination of a large number of real scale objects, in the end, specific procedures and practical recommendations for conducting this type of examination are proposed.