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Assessment of current state of Modernist building heritage of Skopje in terms of sustainability, energy efficiency and authentic appearance degradation
(IOP Publishing, 2020)
Dimevska Liljana
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Cvetkovska Meri
;
Trombeva Gavriloska Ana
;
Lazarevska Marijana
;
Knezevic Milos
Skopje has unique examples of modernist architecture that play a major role in creating the new identity of the city, which was completely lost after the earthquake in 1963. In the last decade, awareness has been raised that modernist buildings deserve to be protected as cultural monuments. On the other hand, concerning energy efficiency and sustainability aspect, they were built without thermal insulation and thus have extremely poor thermal properties. In order to improve the energy efficiency, retrofit interventions are constantly being implemented and their authentic appearance have been changed. Many buildings have already been changed to an unrecognizable stile which threatens the overall architectural identity of the city. Therefore, systematic research has been done on 50 valuable buildings from the period of Modernism in Skopje. The buildings are selected according to their architectural, structural and cultural historical values. They are analysed from following aspects: construction, building materials, thermal properties, function, cultural heritage protection, level of authenticity degradation, preservation and retrofit measures. The purpose of this paper is to define the most common types of buildings, which are in same time the most problematic in terms of energy efficiency, sustainability and authentic appearance.
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CHIMNEYS' INFLUENCE ON FIRE RISK OF SOLID WOOD STRUCTURES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN RURAL BALKAN SETTLEMENTS
(Vinca Inst Nuclear, 2021)
Laban Mirjana
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Cvetkovska Meri
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Trombeva Gavriloska Ana
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Dragancic Suzana
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Lazarevska Marijana
According to official fire statistics, chimney fires account for almost 20% of all fires that occur in family residential buildings every year in the Balkan region. The high temperature from the chimneys may have an influence on fire spreading to the wooden girders. The objective of the study was to gather and analyse data on timber structure fire incidents occurring in family residential buildings in lowland rural settlements in Serbia (2010-2014) and a mountain settlement in Montenegro (2007-2013) in order to determine the extent to which existing data can be used in fire risk assessment. Additionally, the chimney-timber floor heat transfer mech anism was investigated, namely, the time dependent temperature distribution in the cross-section of few types of mostly used chimneys and floor structures were analysed. This research illustrates how the lack of chimney maintenance and social vulnerability of the settlements (aged rural population with low incomes, living in many cases alone in old houses in areas with limited access to distance heating systems or piped gas) could influence the fire risk in timber structures in rural low land and mountain areas. It is shown that significant differences exist with respect to fire causation over time and the type of wooden structural elements – due to different temperature distribution in the cross-sections of the floor structure, both in lowland and mountain settlements
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Fire resistance of concrete lining in road tunnels
(Department of Transportation Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Zagreb, 2021-05-20)
Zafirovski Zlatko
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Cvetkovska Meri
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Lazarevska Marijana
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Trombeva Gavriloska Ana
Fire is an incidental load on structures. Experience has shown that in the event of a fire, extremely high temperatures are developed, as a result of which very often a colapse of the tunnel bearing structure happens, usually caused by spalling of concrete. Road tunnel fires are usually caused by vehicles using the tunnel, but can also be caused by exidants, technical breakdowns in tunnel equipment or improper tunnel maintenance. The intensity and frequency of fires in the tunnels are function of several factors such as: length and geometry of the tunnel, density and type of traffic, vehicle speed, slope, availability of ventilation equipment and so on. All of these factors define the fire risk. Based on the defined fire risk, known fire load and location of the fire, it is possible to define the fire curve that defines the temperature in the tunnel versus time. Several fire curves, usually used in EU countries, will be described in this paper, the fire curves characteristics will be defined and the most proper fire curve for typical tunnel, as case study, will be recomended. In the framework of this paper, a methodology for fire resistance analysis of road tunnels, based on the performance, is elaborated. A numerical procedure for defining the behavior of the tunnel lining in case of nominal fire curve (standard fire) is described and applied on one case study. The impact of the fire on the stress-strain state of the concrete structure of a tunnel is analyzed and measures for proper tunnel design in terms of increasing the fire resistance is proposed.

Faculty of Civil Engineering

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