Faculty of Civil Engineering

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Red Clay as a Raw Material for Sustainable Masonry Composite Ceramic Blocks
(MDPI AG, 2025-07-28)
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Zileska Pancovska, Valentina
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Golaboski, Bojan
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The pursuit of sustainable construction practices has become imperative in the modern era. This paper delves into the research of the properties and application of a specific material called “red clay” from the locality “Crvena Mogila” in Macedonia. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the material. The tested samples show that it is a porous material with low density, high water absorption, and compressive strength in range of 29.85–38.32 MPa. Samples of composite wall blocks were made with partial replacement of natural aggregate with red clay aggregate. Two types of blocks were produced with dimensions of 390 × 190 × 190 mm, with five and six holes. The average compressive strength of the blocks ranges from 3.1 to 4.1 MPa, which depends on net density and the number of holes. Testing showed that these blocks have nearly seven-times-lower thermal conductivity than conventional concrete blocks and nearly twice-lower conductivity than full-fired clay bricks. The general conclusion is that the tested red clay is an economically viable and sustainable material with favourable physical, mechanical, and thermal parameters and can be used as a granular aggregate in the production of composite ceramic blocks.
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Experiences and practices from application of rockfall remedial works at MKD national road network
(IOP Publishing, 2023-12-01)
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Peševski, Igor
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Papić, Jovan Br.
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Abazi, Sead
Rockfalls, landslides and floods continue to have a growing share in the overall damages and losses, influencing considerably the national budget. Recent experiences and practices related to application of stabilisation measures and remediation of rockfall zones along MKD national road network are presented in the article. Analyses are based on case histories where the prognosis of geotechnical conditions is a key element in definition of remedial measures for rock slopes. Some issues related with Consequence Class, as suggested in Eurocode 7 202x, and the concepts of Acceptable Level of Risk are presented. Proposals in definition of Acceptable Level of Risk, through combining Probability of Failure, Reliability Index and Consequence Classes, are given in the article. These findings can help in development and/or improvement of rockfall, landslide and flood risk management strategies.
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Analysis of a reinforced soil retaining wall in a platform embankment
(Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Građevinski fakultet, 2015)
Micevski, Stefan
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Shoklarovski, Antonio
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Abazi, Sead
In this paper, we numerically analyze a 9.0-m-tall reinforced soil retaining wall in a platform embankment, simulating the behaviour of its various components by using software and material models. The two basic constituents of the structure are the fill material and reinforcement. The designed reinforced soil retaining wall was built using local materials (sand with fine particles) on a base of sandy gravel. The design was analyzed with various software packages such as TensarSoil, Slide, and Plaxis 2D. The results show that the wall meets the requirements for both static and seismic conditions
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Laboratory Investigations to Determine the Effect of Lime Improvement of Soft Silty Soil
(Faculty of Civil Engineering in Skopje, N. Macedonia, 2014-12)
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Abazi, Sead
Lime stabilization as a method for soil improvement is beneficial for number of important engineering properties, such as: strength, resistance to fracture, resilient properties and reduced swelling. This paper briefly describes the application of quicklime to stabilize soft soil. Many laboratory tests have been carried out on silty soil to determine the improvements for lime in varying percentages. The laboratory investigations for different lime contents preparing with optimum moisture content and sample curing under controlled conditions were carried out. The investigation of both treated and untreated soil are focused mainly on the strength parameters, changes in the plastic properties, compaction requirements, California Bearing Ratio and compressibility characteristics of the lime-soil mixtures. Significant improvement and stabilization of the silty soft soil has been observed for 4 percent of lime admixtures.
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Experiences from the application of remedial measures in hydrotechnical tunnel on Saska River – M. Kamenica
(WILEY Ernst & Sohn, 2018-06)
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Susinov, Bojan
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Abazi, Sead
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Gacevski, Vasko
Tunnels represent significant financial investments with challenging design, construction, and operational issues. They remain in service for extended periods of time, sometime beyond their intended service life. Hydrotechnical tunnels are often prone to repairs and rehabilitation because of the devastating effect of the water. The rehabilitation of any kind of tunnel is a complex process which involves knowledge and experts from different scientific areas. In this paper some experiences from the rehabilitation of the hydrotechnical tunnel on Saska River as a part of the mine for lead and zinc Sasa are shown.
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Strength-deformability properties of tailing dam sand in large load span and unsaturated conditions
(WILEY, Ernst & Sohn, 2018)
Jovanov, Zoran
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Abazi, Sead
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Papić, Jovan
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Peševski, Igor
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Complex laboratory tests for determination of strength-deformability parameters in unsaturated conditions for sand from tailing dam
(2017-11)
Papić, Jovan
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Abazi, Sead
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Peševski, Igor
One significant portion of the Earth’s surface is subjected to dry and semi-dry climatic conditions, and consequently, many of the soils in engineering practice are unsaturated. A specific type of structures where the change in the degree of saturation is a result of both climatic changes, as well as draining conditions are tailing dams. Tailing dams are objects of capital importance where the downstream slope is made of fine sand in wet condition. The draining reduces the saturation degree, which favorably influences the behavior of the dam. However, this aspect is not considered during their design, so there always remains the dilemma of "reserves" of shearing strength. Hence, the interest arises to study the properties of tailing sand in different conditions of saturation and to implement them in the numerical analysis for the calculation of stresses, strains and stability. Such dedicated tests are carried out at several high-educational institutions, and thereafter applied in the stability analyses. The obtained lab-numeric results contribute to the clarification of the role and influence of partial saturation on the shear strength, slope stability and deformability of tailing sand.

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