Faculty of Civil Engineering

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Methodology for risk assessment at existing hydrotechnical tunnels
(2021-10)
Gacevski Vasko
;
Nedevska Ivona
;
Lazarevska Marijana
;
Zafirovski Zlatko
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APPLICATION OF NETWORK PLANNING TECHNIQUE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
(UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, 2024-03)
Gacevski Vasko
;
Lazarevska Marijana
The “plan” for the completion of any building is represented by a number of linked plans. Planning is the production of budgets, schedules, and other detailed specifications of the steps to be followed and the constraints to be obeyed in project execution. No matter the type of the project there is always a need for a plan. Construction projects are very complex in nature, so proper planning can ensure that things happen successfully. Modern planning can be implemented in every project stage with logical updating as the project advances. Construction planning can be oriented towards time and costs. These parameters are mutually related, and they should give a general or detailed view of the length of the construction, cash flow and in some cases the risks that may occur. The planning can be done with detailed review of the design with communication with the Investor and Contractor. Nowadays project scheduling and planning is usually done with software solutions which result in Gant charts, network diagrams, linear plans, etc. This paper shows time planning of parallel construction of three buildings, as part of a hotel complex, in Republic of North Macedonia using MS Project. The general purpose and goal of the analysis conducted in this paper is to show that adequate planning can significantly improve the overall construction process, resulting in lowering the total duration of the project, while respecting of the major milestones, smaller investment costs and better insight during the whole construction process.
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Organizational structure of construction companies in the function of their efficient operation
(UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, 2024-03)
Kedioski Vlatka
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Lazarevska Marijana
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Gacevski Vasko
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Ristov Riste
The organizational structure of the construction company represents the structure and the management of the project team, goods and project resources. It is a fundamental aspect of project management that defines how activities are coordinated and controlled in order to achieve the planned project and company goals. Companies that are in construction business have organizational structures that are based on project management. Construction projects are usually complex, capital, unique and unrepeatable. Project management is the application of knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems to define, execute, measure, control, report and improve processes. This paper explains several aspects that should be considered when choosing the organizational structure of the construction company. Nine case studies of medium and large construction companies were analysed, where special emphasis is placed on the types of organizational structure used, their complexity, adaptability, integrative processes, control during work, description of processes and procedures, etc. The results of conducted analysis showed that 56% of the analysed companies use a composite organizational structure, while the remaining 44% use a functional organizational structure. Although the analysed companies implement "Projects", they very rarely use a project organizational structure, and when they do it is mostly for some large and complex projects that are being implemented outside our country. By understanding the importance of the organizational structure, when the right one is chosen, high management and project managers can improve the overall project outcomes and increase the likelihood of success.
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DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL PATH IN FUZZY NETWORK DIAGRAMS
(MASE, 2023-09)
Lazarevska Marijana
;
Gacevski Vasko
The classical critical path method (CPM) is characterized by a deterministic expression of the duration of activities in the network plan. When it comes to planning projects in the field of construction, it is especially difficult, and in some cases even impossible, to accurately predict or determine the duration of certain activities. The occurrence of uncertainty and inaccuracy in the duration of construction activities entails an imprecise determination of the total duration of the project's implementation. Often, in practice, there is a need for modelling of risks and uncertainties. This need arises from the fact that sometimes, depending on the specificity of the conditions in which certain construction activities are carried out, they cannot be defined with a precisely determined duration. The time of execution of the activities is usually conditioned by the uncertainty of the factors that have an impact on the activity. This is precisely why there is a need to apply fuzzy numbers in the process of planning and project management. This paper presents one example of application of Fuzzy logic in the process of planning and management of construction projects. The duration of construction activities is being analyzed in conditions of uncertainty and risk. Planning of construction process in cases where the durations of the activities, as part of the project, are given as fuzzy numbers is especially convenient in conditions of uncertainty and risk due to the great subjectivity that occurs during their assessment. Furthermore, this paper deals with the application of Fuzzy network planning technique. An overview of different procedures and methods for calculation of earliest and latest duration time of project activities will be given, and one specific method will be applied for determination of the critical path in fuzzy network diagram. The results of the conducted analyses show that this method can provide more realistic results thus more reliable planning of the construction time for the whole project.
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Environment as an aspect of life cycle assessment towards sustainable buildings
(2023-09)
Naumovski Mihail
;
Lazarevska Marijana
There is no doubt that climate change is the biggest threat to humanity; and vice versa - humanity is the biggest threat to the planet. The concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is on the rise and there is enough scientific evidence that highlights the threat and the potential of climate change. The building sector accounts for up to 25% of globally available resources. Furthermore, it has been estimated that the building sector is responsible for up to 33% of the global greenhouse gas emissions. These are mainly the reasons why environment is chosen as one of the three main parameters in the Active House Design. The Environmental category is then divided into three subcategories: LCA Evaluation (Environmental Impact), Freshwater Consumption and Sustainable Sourcing. An Active House aims to have a positive impact on the environment through several different strategies that are presented in this paper. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a method that is being increasingly used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of products and services and their resource consumption. LCA is also being used in the building sector as a crucial part of the assessment of buildings environmental sustainability. The aim of this paper is to develop an example of a Life Cycle Assessment on a case study building in order to define the environmental impact of the designed building. Life Cycle Assessment is being performed through surveying of all inputs and outputs linked to the building’s life cycle. Potential environmental impacts are being analyzed and calculated on the basis of different key factors, such as consumption of resources, emissions etc. All the impacts are being analyzed for each stage of the building’s life cycle., while the LCA is performed according to EN 15804. The results presented in this paper are being calculated through a selected range of measurable indicators
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Fuzzy Network Planning
(2022-04)
Lazarevska Marijana
;
Gacevski Vasko
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Fuzzy Engineering
(2022-04)
Lazarevska Marijana
;
Gacevski Vasko
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RISK ASSESSMENT OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS USING EXPECTED VALUE MODEL
(2020-12)
Naumovski Mihail
;
Lazarevska Marijana
Risks can occur during any phase of road construction project, they cannot be completely avoided, but with proper risk management model they can be put to minimum. Risk assessment enables proper project management and helps the road construction managers in the decision-making process in order to avoid or decrease the negative effects and/or outcomes of any possible negative risks. The Expected Value Model refers to risk assessment by determining the severity of the consequences caused by the risk itself. This paper presents the benefits of risk assessment for achieving a quality realization of road construction projects. The main goal is to show the application of The Expected Value Model (EVM) and its implementation on a road construction project.
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Assessment of current state of Modernist building heritage of Skopje in terms of sustainability, energy efficiency and authentic appearance degradation
(IOP Publishing, 2020)
Dimevska Liljana
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Cvetkovska Meri
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Trombeva Gavriloska Ana
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Lazarevska Marijana
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Knezevic Milos
Skopje has unique examples of modernist architecture that play a major role in creating the new identity of the city, which was completely lost after the earthquake in 1963. In the last decade, awareness has been raised that modernist buildings deserve to be protected as cultural monuments. On the other hand, concerning energy efficiency and sustainability aspect, they were built without thermal insulation and thus have extremely poor thermal properties. In order to improve the energy efficiency, retrofit interventions are constantly being implemented and their authentic appearance have been changed. Many buildings have already been changed to an unrecognizable stile which threatens the overall architectural identity of the city. Therefore, systematic research has been done on 50 valuable buildings from the period of Modernism in Skopje. The buildings are selected according to their architectural, structural and cultural historical values. They are analysed from following aspects: construction, building materials, thermal properties, function, cultural heritage protection, level of authenticity degradation, preservation and retrofit measures. The purpose of this paper is to define the most common types of buildings, which are in same time the most problematic in terms of energy efficiency, sustainability and authentic appearance.
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CHIMNEYS' INFLUENCE ON FIRE RISK OF SOLID WOOD STRUCTURES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN RURAL BALKAN SETTLEMENTS
(Vinca Inst Nuclear, 2021)
Laban Mirjana
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Cvetkovska Meri
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Trombeva Gavriloska Ana
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Dragancic Suzana
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Lazarevska Marijana
According to official fire statistics, chimney fires account for almost 20% of all fires that occur in family residential buildings every year in the Balkan region. The high temperature from the chimneys may have an influence on fire spreading to the wooden girders. The objective of the study was to gather and analyse data on timber structure fire incidents occurring in family residential buildings in lowland rural settlements in Serbia (2010-2014) and a mountain settlement in Montenegro (2007-2013) in order to determine the extent to which existing data can be used in fire risk assessment. Additionally, the chimney-timber floor heat transfer mech anism was investigated, namely, the time dependent temperature distribution in the cross-section of few types of mostly used chimneys and floor structures were analysed. This research illustrates how the lack of chimney maintenance and social vulnerability of the settlements (aged rural population with low incomes, living in many cases alone in old houses in areas with limited access to distance heating systems or piped gas) could influence the fire risk in timber structures in rural low land and mountain areas. It is shown that significant differences exist with respect to fire causation over time and the type of wooden structural elements – due to different temperature distribution in the cross-sections of the floor structure, both in lowland and mountain settlements

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