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    Cancer prevention and screening for people with intellectual disabilities in Europe: a systematic review and recommendations for policy and practice
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-08-20)
    Vukovic, Vladimir
    ;
    Knapp, Peter
    ;
    Sykes, Kate
    ;
    Denny, Margaret
    ;
    Kowalczyk, Oliwia
    Introduction People with intellectual disability experience inequalities across the cancer care continuum, including lower screening participation, later-stage diagnosis, and higher cancer related mortality. Whether European cancer prevention and screening policies explicitly address this population has not been systematically mapped. Methods This review aimed to identify and synthesise European national and international policy frameworks, guidelines, and recommendations for cancer prevention and screening that address this population. A systematic search of policy, recommendation and guideline documents across academic databases, grey literature portals, and organisational sources, to August 2025 was under taken. The Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework guided eligibility. Two reviewers per country screened, extracted, and appraised documents indepen dently using the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (AACODS) checklist. Synthesis was narrative, stratified by cancer site and cancer control focus. Results Sixteen documents met the inclusion criteria, originating from five jurisdictions: the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and the European Union more broadly. Fifteen of the sixteen addressed cancer screen ing, one also addressed prevention, and two addressed clinical monitoring. Adjustments for people with intellectual disability were concentrated on breast, cervical, and bowel screening and grouped into accessible information, appoint ment adaptations, carer involvement, consent and capacity support, and work force training. Most documents originated from higher expenditure healthcare systems, and no eligible documents were retrieved from the majority of European Union member states. Discussion Policy guidance for cancer prevention and screening for people with intellectual disability is unevenly distributed across Europe and con centrated in a small group of countries. Existing guidance should be extended beyond screening to encompass prevention, treatment, and survivorship, and EU coordination may help address this gap.
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    Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cancer - a Review from the Literature
    (Alma Mater Europaea University Press, 2024-03-04)
    Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neurodevelopmental polygenic disorder with strong genetic component. In the adult period, it is associated with many chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, car-diovascular disease, and cancer. The aim of this article is to show possible connection between autism spectrum disorder and some kinds of can-cers, and to show the possible pathways for prevention and treatment.Methodology: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords: autism spectrum disorder, genetics, cancer, prevention and treatment.Results: Autism spectrum disorder is associated with high rates of genomic aberrations, including chromosomal rearrangements and de novo copy-number variations. Autism and cancer share 43 risk genes, suggesting that common mechanisms underlying the functions of some of these genes could conceivably be leveraged to develop therapies not just for cancer but for autism as well. Pleiotropy, whereby gene variants exert effects on multiple phenotypes, has been the source of increasing research attention with ASD and cancer. Germline loss-of-function PTEN mutations increase the rate of benign and malignant tumours and also manifest as ASD and macrocephaly. Conclusion: There might be an association between autism and specific forms of cancer, not in the pathophysio-logic mechanism, but only in involvement of certain genes in certain forms of cancer. Further epidemiologic research in large populations is needed to elucidate the association between autism and cancer and identify ex-planatory factors. Approved drugs targeting oncogenic pathways might also have therapeutic value for treating autism spectrum disorder.