Faculty of Philosophy

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Документ за лицата со аутизам
(Филозофски факултет, Скопје, 2000)
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Essential infantile esotropia
(Лекарска комора на Македонија, 2014)
Ljubic, Antonela
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Aim : To determinate the prevalence of congenital infantile esotropia (ETI) in strabismic population with Down syndrome versus strabismic control group from the general Macedonian population. To present subject age, sex distribution, maternal age and spherical equivalent in each of the two analyzed groups. Patients and methods: Population- based retrospective case- control study was conducted in which a study group (52) (strabismic group with Down syndrome) and a control group (257) (strabismic group of the general healthy population of children and young adults) were analyzed. Each subject underwent strabismic examination and calculated spherical equivalence based on refractive status in short-term cycloplegia. Statistical processing included the preparation of percentages of structure and average value. Results: Out of a total of 52 children and young adults with Down syndrome and strabismus group, 4 subjects showed the presence of ETI (4/52) 7.7%. Out of a total of 257 children and young adults without Down syndrome from healthy general population, 13 subjects showed the presence of ETI (13/257) 5.0%. The average value of the spherical equivalent in the ETI Down syndrome strabismus group was +1.69 D, while the average value of the spherical equivalent in the ETI general population control group was +2.20 D Conclusion: The prevalence of ETI in the Down syndrome strabismic population was 7.7% versus 5.0 % in general strabismic population . The spherical equivalent results in our study showed a small hypermetropia, as already published studies on refractive status in ETI.
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Essential infantile esotropia [in German]
(2014)
Ljubic, Antonela
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Ziele: Analyse der Prävalenz der angeborenen-infantilen Esotropie (ETI) in der mazedonische Strabismus Down-Syndrom gruppe versus der Strabismus Kontrollgruppe der allgemeinen Allgemeinbevölkerung sowie Analyse nach Alter, Geschlechtsverteilung, Alter der Mutter und sphärischem Äquivalent in jeder der beiden Gruppen. Patienten und Methoden: Es wurde eine epidemiologische retrospektive case – control Studie durchgeführt, in der die untersuchte Gruppe (52) (Strabismusgruppe mit Down-Syndrom) und die Kontrollgruppe (257) (Strabismusgruppe der allgemeinen gesunden Bevölkerung von Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen) analysiert wurden. Jedes Subjekt wurde einer strabologischen Untersuchung unterzogen und das sphärische Äquivalent basierend auf dem Refraktivesstatus in Zykloplegie berechnet. Die statistische Verarbeitung umfasste die Erstellung von Prozentsätzen der Struktur und des Durchschnittswerts. Ergebnisse: Von insgesamt 52 Strabismus Down-Syndrom Probanden , ETI zeigen 7.7% (4/52). Von insgesamt 257 Strabismus non Down-Syndrom Probanden , ETI zeigen 5.0% (13/257). Der Durchschnittswert des sphärischen Äquivalents in der ETI-Down-Gruppe betrug +1.69 D, während der Durchschnittswert des sphärischen Äquivalents in der ETI- non Down- Gruppe +2.20 D . Schlussfolgerung: Prävalenz von ETI in der Strabismus Down- Syndrome gruppe einerseits versus der allgemein gesunden Bevölkerung andererseits war 7.7 % vs 5.0 %. Die im sphärischen Äquivalent unserer Studie erzielten Ergebnisse fallen in den Bereich der kleinen Hypermetropie. Dies steht im Einklang mit zuvor veröffentlichten Studien zum Refraktivesstatus bei ETI.
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The inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorders in the region of Southwest Macedonia
(Prosvjetna zajednica Crne Gore i Društvo defektologa Crne Gore, Podgorica, 2019)
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Stancheska, Tamara
Introduction: The education of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a challenging issue for public schools. Due to legal and educational reasons, many children with ASD are included in the general education setting for all or portions of the school day. The aim of this research is to assess the quality of the functioning of education and upbringing in children with ASD. Methods: Parents and teachers of children with ASD were included in this study. There were 31 examinees, which are from 3 cities in Macedonia: Bitola, Ohrid and Prilep. The difference between the two groups, teachers and parents regarding these aspects is tested using a Chi square test that compares the differences in the frequency of given response categories in both groups of respondents. Statistically significant difference is considered on the alpha level of p < 0.05. Results: Teachers think significantly different from the parents that the curriculum and the program are not appropriate for the child with ASD (χ2 =37,01, df = 2, p=0,000). There is no statistically significant difference between teachers and parents regarding their attitudes towards the success of the work and the education of the child with ASD (χ2 = 0,485, df = 2, p=0,785). Teachers think statistically different than parents that the child should not be included in the regular classes (χ2 =29,145, df = 2, p=0,000). Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge about ASD in many of the regular teachers. They are not sufficiently trained in the methods and techniques of work with these students that require great specificity and patience.
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Environmental Barriers and Facilitators to Participation of People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: stakeholders’ perspective
(ReAttach Therapy International Foundation, 2019)
Vasilevska Petrovska, Ivana
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Giannakopoulou, Angeliki
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Giannakopoulou, Anastasia
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Winstanley, Angela
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Miletto, Roberto
Introduction: Social participation is a vital construct in inclusive philosophies and practices across communities. People with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been facing autism-related and environmental participation restrictions, placing them at risk of social exclusion and institutionalization. A multinational project has been developed in order to identify vital facilitating factors and establish PCP system for persons with ASD and tools for facilitators, as well as a ‘master class’ course for facilitators in several south-eastern European countries. The aim of the study is to identify the most common barriers to participation faced by individuals with ASD and to highlight facilitating factors that can be utilised in development of an autism specific PCP approach. Methodology: a mixed methodology employing concurrent qualitative-quantitative triangulation design was used. The participants consisted of four groups of stakeholders: young people with ASD, parents & family members of children/young people with ASD, teachers, and professionals. The data was collected via interviews and questionnaires with participants from the mentioned groups, using closed-ended and open-ended questions. Results: thematic analysis of the information gathered from the interviews and questionnaires was detailed by topics. Each topic was viewed with regards to barriers and facilitators to social participation. Conclusions: people with ASD have unique support needs that are qualitatively different from other special needs and communities are lacking specific understanding and approaches in meeting those needs. Insights from key stakeholders’ view point represents indispensable considerations in Person-Centred support for overcoming barriers to social participation and promoting health, equity and well-being of persons with ASD.
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Effects of a Computer-Based Intervention on Emotion Understanding in Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions
(Springer Nature, 2019)
Vasilevska Petrovska, Ivana
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This randomized controlled study evaluated a computer-based intervention on emotion understanding in 32 children with autism spectrum conditions with and without intellectual disability (ID) aged 7–15 years. The intervention group (n = 16) used the program for 12 h while the control group (n = 16) was not included in any intervention or training beside the usual educational curriculum. After controlling for pre-intervention scores and symptom severity, strong positive effects were observed in emotion recognition from real face photographs and pictograms, as well as in understanding situation-based emotion across both intellectual ability groups. The typical and ID intervention groups performed significantly better on all EU measures, compared to controls, at the level of feature based distant generalization.
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The impact of ASD on Macedonian families and their experience of parent education
(Faculty of Philosophy, Skopje, 2019)
Troshanska, Jasmina
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Jurtoski, Filip
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Preece, David
Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is identified as having a significant impact on family life. Educating parents of children with ASD about the condition benefits both child and family. However, such programmes are typically unavailable in South-east Europe. Aims. To address this, the ESIPP project was established to develop and provide parent education (PE) for Croatian, Cypriot and Macedonian families, training 335 family members in total. A parent education curriculum and locally differentiated materials were developed, as well as recommendations for European policymakers. This paper presents the findings of the study regarding the 70 Macedonian family members. Methodology The project was evaluated using a mixed methods programme evaluation methodology in which families were surveyed regarding their experience of family life and the impact of parent education. Pre-PE (n=70) and post-PE questionnaires (n=42) were completed, and semi-structured interviews were undertaken (n=16). Findings. Key findings relate to the impact of ASD on quality of life, families’ experience of stigma and isolation, the inadequacy of professional support and the importance of family support. The benefits of PE and its positive impact on parental happiness and relational issues are identified, as is the need for continued parent and professional education regarding ASD.
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Health Condition in Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders
(ReAttach Therapy International Foundation, 2018)
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are behaviourally defined syndromes where the etiology and pathophysiology are not very well understood. If the child has been diagnosed with autism, parents already face special behavioural challenges. What makes ASD even more difficult, are the many other medical health issues that often arise in this population. The purpose of this article is to summarise the latest understanding of autism’s commonly associated physical and mental health conditions. Methods: An analysis of relevant literature, sources from the internet and published literature, personal experience and observations of the author. Recent findings: Autism is a disorder of the whole body. It is often in co-morbidity with: epilepsy, gastrointestinal disorders, neuro-inflammation and immunological disorders, asthma, eczema, sleep disturbances, eating and feeding disorders, food allergies, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), headaches, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Fragile X syndrome, intellectual disability, nonverbal learning disorder, motor clumsiness, Tourette syndrome, sensory problems, tuberous sclerosis, oxidative stress, acquired mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. Many of the issues outlined here can overlap each other. Conclusions:Improved understanding of the underlying pathology of ASD and associated conditions, and the development of a common purpose across multiple treating sites, can improve the consistent and coordinated healthcare of children with autism. There is need for the development of improved strategies for delivering effective health education and healthcare to this large population. Improving the ability of these persons to lead relatively independent lives has a great economic impact.
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Predictors of Disability in Hemodialisis Patients
(2018)
Petrushevska, Biljana
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Trajcheska, Lada
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Mladenovska, Daniela
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Shikole, Aleksandar
The aim of this study was to search for predictors of disability among patients treated with hemodialysis. Material and methods: Disability was assessed with self-reports of activities by Katz, Nagi and Rosow-Breslau (R-B) scale in 134 hemodialysis patients in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional and dialysis factors were investigated as influencing factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors associated with disability scores. Results: Mean Katz, Nagi and R-B scores of the study group were: 4.67 ± 8.0, 9.96 ± 7.5, 3.84 ±2.4, respectively. In the univariate analysis, women, patients who were older than 65, had diabetes, intradialytic hypotension, catheter as vascular access, sensor or loco-motor problems, carpal-tunnel syndrome, cerebrovascular disease and body mass index more than 31kg/m2, had at least one Katz activity impairment. In the multivariate regression model, the older age, female gender, carpal tunnel and catheter presence were the strongest independent predictive markers for Katz impairments. As for Nagi and R-B scales, presence of catheter emerged among the strongest predictors. Conclusion: Many modifiable factors contribute to disability in hemodialysis patients. Interventions are needed before start of hemodialysis in order to unable development of disability during dialysis treatment.
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Успешно привремено екстерно стимулирање на срцевата акција кај болен со ексцесивна хиперкалемија
(Македонско лекарско друштво, 1996)
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Ристовска, Весна
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Чакалароски, Кочо
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Тозија, Лиле
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Ивановски, Нинослав
Прикажан e случај (A.P. на возраст од 35 години, телесна тежина 73,5 kg.) со diabetes mellitus (ДМ), инсулино-зависен, со компликации на повеќе системи (дијабетична нефропатија и ретинопатија, хронична бубрежна инсуфициенција, метаболна ацидоза, екцесивна хиперкалемија). Промените на бубрезите, заедно со атеросклерозата и коронарната болест, се водечка причина за смртноста кај болните со ДМ. Се работи за прв случај во нашата интензивна нефролошка прктика на хиперкалемиски синусен арест, кој беше успешно лекуван со поставување привремен „pace maker “до нормализирање на срцевата спонтана ексцитабилност и воспоставување регуларен синусен ритам. Според нашите сознанија, ова е прв случаj во медицинската практика каде што, со привремено екстракардијално стимулираше на срцевата контрактибилност, е овозможено повторно воспоставување на срцевиот автоматизам. Ургентната хемодијализа (ХД) ja препорачуваме како средство на избор во лекувањето на овој вид синусен арест и малигна брадикардија. Привременото екстракорпорално водење на срцевата акција (привремен „pace maker“) овозможува одржување на системската хемодинамика до нормализирање на внатрешното „milier“ и целосно воспоставување на срцевата глобална функција.

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