Faculty of Philosophy
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Item type:Publication, Life of the persons with disabilities in the republic of n. Macedonia - challenges they face from birth to old age(State University of Tetovo, 2023)The theoretical framework for studying the life course of persons with disabilities through the prism of the social model is characterized by two basic approaches. On the one hand, we can conceptualize the life course in terms of individual biographies and unique life experiences. On the other hand, we can imagine the life course more generally, as a kind of generation system that functions on the macro level in societies, based on the common cultural rules and structural boundaries that define what a "normal life" should be. In this sense, the life course approach helps us understand how societies organize life transitions in an institutionalized or structured way. From the perspective of a social model, the value of this approach lies in the possibility of determining the existing challenges and barriers to determine the different impacts of disabling barriers and social meanings attributed to disability in different generational periods: childhood, youth, adulthood, and old age. The main goal of this study was to determine the most frequent challenges and obstacles faced by persons with disabilities and their families in their everyday lives in the Republic of North Macedonia. The research is analytical, retrospective, and qualitative, correlating the situation in our country with countries around the world through the analysis of documentation: strategic and political documents, laws, scientific research, and project activities. Although efforts have been made in the Republic of North Macedonia for decades to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities, the number of barriers they face from birth to old age is large in every domain. Collective work and cooperation among individuals are fundamental to the establishment of interpersonal relations and bonds, the creation and functioning of organizations, and the development of society. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The use of robotic rehabilitation in the treatment of motor impairments in children with cerebral palsy – a systematic review and meta-analysis(Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla,, 2024-12-29); ; Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder affecting motor function in children with cerebralpalsy and requires new rehabilitation perspective beyond traditional pediatric treatments.Robotic-assisted gait training and other assistive devices as methods of robotic rehabilitationbecame popular as a way to improve motor function in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy.This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of robotic rehabilitation on motor impairmentsin children with cerebral palsy, focusing on functional outcomes like gait, balance and grossmotor skills. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databaseswere searched and research papers were included up to 2024. Studies with roboticinterventions for children with cerebral palsy were included using the PICOS criteria. Theprimary outcome was to evaluate the improvement in motor function by measuring grossmotor skills and gait parameters. Data analysis used effect size calculation, I² statistic forheterogeneity, Egger test and funnel plot analysis for publication bias, as well as metaregression analysis. This review included 56 research papers. Robotic-assisted rehabilitationshowed improvements in motor skills, walking speed, balance and functional mobility withrobotic-assisted gait training being the most effective. Moderate heterogeneity was I²=52%and no publication bias was found through this review. Robotic rehabilitation with focus onrobotic-assisted gait training is showing improvements in motor function for children withcerebral palsy and has many advantages over traditional rehabilitation methods by allowingcontrolled repetitive training. Future research should focus on continuous outcomes andoptimization protocols to assure that robotic-assisted rehabilitation is relevant to the field ofpediatric neurorehabilitation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Application of occupational therapy in children with disabilities(Akademija za humani razvoj, Beograd, Republika Srbija, 2024-11-28)Occupational therapy is a specific discipline within the broader spectrum of special education and rehabilitation services. Although there may be some overlap in populations served and therapeutic approaches, each, occupational therapy and special education and rehabilitation, play a crucial role in supporting individuals with disabilities to lead more fulfilling lives. Occupational therapy for children with disabilities is based on an understanding of the interaction between children, their activities and the environment, and therefore, when assessing abilities, the starting point is to see whether limitations are the result of external barriers and limitations or are primarily related to developmental ability and functional status. The growth of a child into an adult person involves continuous adaptation to the demands set by the environment and assimilation of opportunities, and this dynamic interaction is even more complex in children born with a risk factor or a certain type of disability. So occupational therapy can be a huge benefit for children with disabilities, as an effective way to help these kids perform meaningful activities and enrich their lives. This study employs a systematic literature review methodology to explore the application of occupational therapy (OT) in children with special needs. A systematic approach ensures a comprehensive and unbiased synthesis of existing literature to identify key themes, interventions, and effectiveness in pediatric occupational therapy. Occupational therapy (OT) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life for children with special needs by enhancing their independence, functional abilities, and overall well-being. Through individualized interventions, OT helps children develop essential motor, cognitive, sensory and social skills, enabling them to participate in daily activities at home, school and in the community. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Evolution of Disability Perspective Models and Their Impact on Inclusive Education(Faculty of Philosophy, Skopje, Republic of N. Macedonia, 2025-12); Examining the different disability perspective models provides insight to the conceptions and attitudes towards the disabled community. When we talk about the connection between disability persoective models and inclusive education, generically there seems connection. It is essential to understand the differences between the various models of disability, as well as their separate histories, in order to fully appreciate the concepts of exclusion and inclusion. The objective of the paper was to explore the ideas of models of disability and its connection to educational system for students with disabilities, or more precisely its connection to inclusive education. To explore the connection between models of dis ability and education system, different literatures were collected from search engines, reviewed and analyzed from the angle of disability perspective models. The literature resources were analyzed from the perspectives interlinking to the role of disability mod els to the inclusive education. This paper analyzes the four main disability perspective models – the medical, social, biopsychosocial, and human rights models – and their application in inclusive education. It is explored that there seems strong connection of given disability models to inclusive education. The conclusion of the paper is that no single model fully addresses the complex needs of students with disabilities. Understanding the nuances of these models and their effects on special needs students is crucial for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in the field of education. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, National Situation Analysis on Early Childhood Intervention in N. Macedonia: Perspectives of parents and caregivers(Faculty of Philosophy, Skopje, Republic of N. Macedonia, 2025-05-26); ; ; ; Filipovska, MajaThis paper explores the findings of the National Situation Analysis on Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) in North Macedonia, focusing on the experiences and perspectives of parents and caregivers of children with developmental delays and disabilities. The study aimed to assess the current state of ECI services, examine the needs of children and families, and identify service provision gaps, particularly among marginalized groups such as the Roma community. Using a mixed-methods approach, surveys and focus groups were conducted to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from parents, caregivers, and ECI professionals. The analysis revealed that only 58% of eligible children receive ECI services, with geographical coverage being a significant challenge, especially in rural and underserved areas. 81% of parents reported no waiting lists, while 19% experienced waiting times, with 68% waiting less than three months. Barriers such as long waiting periods, financial constraints, and transportation issues were more pronounced among low-income and minority families. Additionally, 23% of parents indicated that they did not face any barriers, but 12% lacked information on ECI services. Family participation in ECI services varied, with 24% of parents involved in comprehensive developmental assessments and 22% participating in parent-child interaction assessments. Lower engagement was noted in transition plans (9%) and home safety assessments (4%), suggesting opportunities to improve family involvement in long-term planning and safety evaluations. The study highlights the urgent need to expand ECI services, especially in rural areas, and recommends developing a comprehensive national ECI strategy. This strategy should prioritize equitable access, improve service delivery, and enhance ECI personnel's capacity through specialized training, ultimately fostering more inclusive and effective services for children and their families. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Differences Between Mainstream and Special Education(Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje, 2024-12-16); Inclusive education is a process that integrates students with special needs in mainstream schools, providing them with appropriate support and adaptations. This paper discusses the differences between mainstream and special education, focusing on the right to education, aims and approaches, responsibilities and competences, curricula, focus of education, teacher preparation, learning conditions, teaching methods, learning standards, assessment and evaluations, teacher competencies, educational research and legislation. In Macedonia, inclusive education started in 1998 and is still in the process of development, aimed at the full inclusion of students with disabilities, which is stipulated in the Law on Basic Education passed in 2019. The methodology includes an analysis of existing research and laws, as well as a comparative study of regular and special education. Data from relevant sources such as European and national education agencies, UNICEF reports and laws on special education were used. This methodology enables a detailed overview of the current situation and challenges in inclusive education. The conclusion is that although significant efforts have been made for the integration of students with special needs in mainstream schools, there are many challenges that need to be overcome. Better support for teachers, more resources and funding, and a change in attitudes of the society are needed. With appropriate measures and policies, real inclusion and quality education for all students can be achieved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Разлики меѓу редовното и специјалното образование(Филозофски Факултет - Скопје, 2024-12-16); Инклузивното образование е процес кој интегрира ученици со посебни потреби во редовните училишта, обезбедувајќи им соодветна поддршка и адап- тации. Овој труд ги разгледува разликите меѓу редовното и специјалното об- разование, фокусирајќи се на правото на образование, цели и пристапи, одговор- ности и надлежности, наставни програми, фокус на образованието, подготовка на наставници, услови за учење, методи на подучување, стандарди за учење, оценување и проценка, компетенции на наставници, образовни истражувања и законска регулатива. Во Македонија, инклузивното образование започна во 1998 година и сè уште е во процес на развој, насочено кон целосна инклузија на уче- ниците со попречености, која е пропишана во Законот за основно образование донесен во 2019 година. Методологијата вклучува анализа на постоечките истражувања и за- кони, како и компаративна студија на редовното и специјалното образование. Користени се податоци од релевантни извори како што се европските и нацио- налните агенции за образование, извештаи на УНИЦЕФ и закони за специјално образование. Оваа методологија овозможува детален преглед на тековната сос- тојба и на предизвиците во инклузивното образование. Заклучокот е дека иако се направени значајни напори за интеграција на учениците со посебни потреби во редовните училишта, постојат многу предиз- вици кои треба да се надминат. Потребна е подобра поддршка за наставниците, повеќе ресурси и финансирање, како и промена на ставовите во општеството. Со соодветни мерки и политики, може да се постигне вистинска инклузија и квалитетно образование за сите ученици. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sleep Disorders Among Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Comprehensive Analysis(European Journal of Special Education Research, 2024-09); ; Ramo Akgun, NergisSleep problems in individuals with developmental disabilities pose significant challenges for them and their families. This paper aims to examine the types of sleep problems in these individuals, the causes of these issues, and their impact on daily life. Through the analysis of available literature and research conducted on a sample of 67 individuals with special needs and their parents, data are obtained on the prevalence of sleep problems, influential factors, and methods for coping with them. The results show that sleep problems in individuals with developmental disabilities are significant and can seriously impact their quality of life. More than 70% of parents state that the lack of sleep negatively affects their daily life and professional activities. The main causes of sleep problems have been identified as sensory disturbances, melatonin deficiency, and other health issues related to the child's condition. Additionally, 73.4% of parents report that they cope with their children's sleep problems independently. These findings suggest a need for improved strategies and interventions for managing sleep in individuals with developmental disabilities, including enhanced support for parents. The significance of these findings lies in highlighting the need for the development of specialized programs and interventions that will help improve the quality of life for these individuals and their families. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The impact that fine and gross motor development have on the oral motor development and the pronunciation of sounds in early age(IJMSSSR, 2024-07) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Perzistance of Primitive Reflexes in Children With Cerebral Palsy and at Risk Children(32nd European Academy Of Childhood Disability - Annual Meeting 2020, 2020-11); ; ; Bojadzi, Marija