Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy

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    Voltammetric Detection of Diclofenac with Screen-printed Electrodes Based on Graphene and PVDF-Modified Graphene
    (The Croatian Society of Chemical Engineers – CSCE, 2024-07-15)
    Perica Paunovic
    ;
    Anita Grozdanov
    ;
    Iva Dimitrievska
    ;
    Ana Tomova
    In recent years, the detection and determination of numerous drugs and pharmaceuticals in various media have become crucial aspects of modern healthcare and environmental management. Among the available sensing techniques, electrochemical methods, particularly those utilising screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and different portable equipment have emerged as rapid, effective, sensitive, and inexpensive. This study focuses on the detection of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in neutral media. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted to identify diclofenac and determine the kinetics and electrochemical mechanism of its oxidation, along with assessing the surface characteristics of the employed SPEs. Graphene and modified graphene SPEs were explored as nanosensors for this purpose. The surface of the graphene SPE was modified using polyvinylidene fluoride, applied through a drop modification procedure. The morphology of the examined SPEs was observed by means of scanning electron microscope, while the electrolyte (0.1 g of diclofenac per litre of phosphate-buffered solution, pH = 7.4) was analysed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that the studied SPEs exhibit promising potential for the detection of diclofenac.
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    Circular Economy Applied to Metallurgical Waste: Use of Slags and Fly Ash from the Ferronickel Industry in the Production of Eco‑Friendly Composites
    (Springer, 2022-05-13)
    Perica Paunovikj
    ;
    Anita Grozdanov
    The aim of this paper is studying the use of industrial, solid waste materials from the ferro-nickel industry (fly ash – FA, electric furnace slag – EFS and converter slag – CS) as a reinforcing component in new value-added polymer-based composite: eco-friendly, functional geo-membranes. The studied geo-membranes were produced by film-casting method using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix reinforced by the previously mentioned metallurgical waste materials, as-obtained and modified in acid (HCl) and alkaline (NaOH) medium. The study of the produced systems was done through observation and analysis of the effect on their: i) morphology and internal structure (SEM and FTIR analysis), ii) thermal stability (TG/DTA/DTG analysis) and iii) moisture stability (the swelling kinetics was followed and the ultimate rate of swelling after 24 hours was determined). The morphology of the waste materials is of spherical and polygonal non-regular shape. The morphology and microstructural properties of the obtained FA/PVC composites confirmed region of well dispersed particles where the particles were tightly embedded and mechanically interlocked in the PVC matrix indicating strong interfacial interaction with the polymer matrix. All waste materials were thermally stable with minimal 0,8 % weight loss, EFS has been shown as the most stable with weight loss of 0.1% near 350 oC. Generally, all the studied composites have shown a higher swelling degree in comparison with PVC, where the composites reinforced with FA have shown the best performances in adsorption test.