Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law
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Item type:Publication, АНАЛИЗА НА ПРЕКРШОЧНИТЕ ОДРЕДБИ ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО ОДНОС НА ВИСИНАТА НА ГЛОБАТА(MACEDONIAN JOURNAL FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY, 2010) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, КАЗНЕНАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА СУДОВИТЕ ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО ПЕРИОДОТ 2007-2011(MACEDONIAN JOURNAL FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY, 2012)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraThis paper analysis the judicial penal policy in the Republic of Macedonia in the period 2007-2011, and not the legal penal policy or criminal sanctions by type and height prescribed by the law. In order to carry out consistent conclusions, first, the paper analyzes some important phenomenological features of the crime in the Republic of Macedonia in the analyzed period, in particular the scope of criminality and its structure according to the types of the committed criminal acts. Then, the paper analyzes the sanctions that are imposed by the type and height, than according to the types of criminal acts and according to the courts that had imposed them. For the purpose of the analysis of the penal policy in the Republic of Macedonia, official statistical data of the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia in the period from 2007 to 2011 are used. This research is particularly important because the analysis of the court's criminal policy is important to evaluate the effectiveness of various sanctions. The relationship between the case law of punishment and crime rates can be significant to extrapolate the effectiveness of various sanctions and to demonstrate to what extent particular sanctions are applied. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, СЕМЕЈНОТО НАСИЛСТВО ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА(MACEDONIAN JOURNAL FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY, 2013)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraThe author of the paper deals with the analysis of criminological aspects of domestic violence in the country, thus, especially the scope of domestic violence, the types and forms of family violence, etiology and theoretical basis for domestic violence. The author refers to the national legislation, and the international documents dealing with the problem that confirm the seriousness of this type of violent crime. Special attention is paid to the Convention of the Council of Europe to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence. Also, the paper presents the summarized results of the research studies on domestic violence in the country. Studies have confirmed the existence of almost all forms of domestic violence, yet need regular monitoring, collection of statistical data and conducting research and surveys to determine trends in all forms of domestic violence. This is especially important for our country as we face the problem of lack of oficial data on domestic violence. Referring to the etiology and underlying the theoretical basis for domestic violence, the author proposes setting a system of measures to prevent and combat this phenomenon. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, КОМПАРАТИВНА АНАЛИЗА НА МЕХАНИЗМИТЕ НА УПАТСТВА ЗА ОДМЕРУВАЊЕ КАЗНА: УПАТСТВОТО ЗА ОДМЕРУВАЊЕ КАЗНА ВО САД(MACEDONIAN JOURNAL FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY, 2014) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ИЗВРШУВАЊЕ НА МЕРКАТА ПРИТВОР ВО ПРИТВОРСКИТЕ ОДДЕЛЕНИЈА НА ЗАТВОРИТЕ ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА: ПОЛОЖБАТА НА ПРИТВОРЕНИТЕ ЛИЦА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА DE JUREИ DE FACTO(2015)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraIn this article the author analysis the characteristics of the penitentiary system in the Republic of Macedonia and the position of the detainees de jure and de facto. The author concludes that the penitentiary system in our country has the features of a modern system. He is one of the penitentiary systems that fully incorporate the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners and the European Prison Rules in the Law on Execution of Sanctions. The paper provides an overview of the international and the national regulations on the execution of detention, and also, it provides an analysis of the situation of the detainees in the country. The author specifically analyses the acute problems facing the penitentiary system regarding the enforcement of the detention and the situation of the detainees de jure and de facto and mechanisms to protect the rights of detainees. Although data on the execution of detention in the country are scarce, the author of the paper analyses the detention using data from the reports of the Committee of the Council of Europe for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) and the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) under the Ombudsman, as well as annual reports of the Directorate for Execution of Sanctions on the condition and operation of the penal and correctional institutions in the country. From the analysis of the reports the general conclusion is that regardless of the fact that the rights of the detainees are guaranteed by the law and by the international documents and must not be violated and they also determine obligations whose execution does not degrade the personality of the detainees, however, in practice there is a discrepancy between the situation of detainees, de jure and de facto. The author of the paper detects key problems facing our penitentiary system in terms of the execution of detention, namely: overcrowding (overcrowding) in the detention units in the prisons; substandard conditions in detention units in prisons, inadequate arrangements for detainees, improper treatment of detainees by prison staff, inadequate nutrition, inadequate health care of detainees, inadequate staffing of detention departments, etc. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ПОМЕЃУ КАЗНАТА ЗАТВОР И УСЛОВНАТА ОСУДА: ПРЕДНОСТИ И НЕГАТИВНИ СТРАНИ ОД (НЕ)ПРИМЕНАТА НА АЛТЕРНАТИВНИТЕ МЕРКИ И НА КАЗНАТА ЗАТВОР(MACEDONIAN JOURNAL FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY, 2017)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraThe author of the paper deals with the basic problem of the criminal law theory and practice - identification, choice of means and methods, sanctions for the most successful, most efficient prevention, suppression and prevention of crime. Analyzing the penal policy of the courts in the country, the author concludes that sanctions that are mostly imposed by the courts are imprisonment and conditional prison sentence. Imprisonment is used too much; and conditional prison sentence is used even more. And between the two penalties there is almost a vacuum of imposing other sanctions. This is a trend that we see not only in the domestic case law, but also in many other countries. Further in the paper the author sets out the main criticisms to imprisonment and the advantages of the alternative measures. Opposing the arguments regarding the advantages and disadvantages of (non)application of alternative measures and imprisonment, the author concludes that the criminal legal theory and practice of our state should be creating a concept of efficient use of "alternative measures". They should replace prison sentence. Also, the author analyzes the most important international documents that recommended a restrictive application of imprisonment on account of wide application of non-institutional treatment. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ЗЛОУПОТРЕБА НА ПОГОДНОСТИТЕ ОД СТРАНА НА ЗАТВОРЕНИЦИТЕ ВО ПЕНОЛОШКАТА ПРАКТИКА НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА(MACEDONIAN JOURNAL FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY, 2018)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraВо трудот авторот се осврнува на особено значаен институт во процесот на остварување на ресоцијализацијата - доделувањето на погодности на затворениците, со посебен осврт на злоупотребата на погодностите од страна на затворениците во пенолошката практика на Република Македонија. Погодностите претставуваат мотив, поттик затвореникот активно да се ангажира во сопственото превоспитување. Основната функција на погодностите е да ги стимулира затворениците кон дисциплинарно и одговорно однесување и примерно залагање во работата и другите превоспитни активности во текот на издржувањето на казната. Во трудот авторот посебно се задржува на меѓународните стандарди и регулативата во Република Македонија што се однесува на условите и постапката за доделување погодности. Во посебно поглавје авторот прави анализа на бројот на доделени погодности во Република Македонија во периодот 2008-2016 година, како и на бројот за злоупотреба на погодностите од страна на затворениците. Авторот заклучува дека нашата пенолошка практика спрема погодностите има позитивен став бидејќи се покажува како многу погоден метод за работа со осудените лица, за негова проверка и поставување на проба. При одлучувањето за доделување погодности треба да се почитуваат пропишаните критериуми за нивно доделување и јасно да им се стави до знаење на затворениците дека тие самите со своето позитивно однесување треба да се изборат истите да ги добијат, односно дека нивното примерно однесување за време на издржувањето на казната затвор, нивниот активен ангажман во процесот на сопственото превоспитување, ќе им се исплати, бидејќи селективното доделување погодности може да има спротивен ефект. Со цел злоупотребата на доделените погодности да се сведе на минимум, потребно е секторот за ресоцијализација и Комисијата за погодности да направат соодветна проценка на однесувањето на затвореникот по добивањето на погодноста. The author of the paper addresses a very important institute in the process of resocialization of prisoners - the granting of privileges to prisoners. Privileges of prisoners are incentive that motivates prisoners to actively engage in their own rehabilitation. The basic function of privileges is to stimulate inmates to a disciplinary and responsible behavior and exemplary efforts in work and other rehabilitative activities during serving their sentence. In this article the author specifically focuses on international standards and regulations in the Republic of Macedonia concerning the conditions and procedure for granting privileges to prisoners. In a separate chapter the author makes an analysis of the number of granted privileges to prisoners in the Republic of Macedonia in the period 2008-2016. The author concludes that our penological practice regarding the privileges of prisoners have a positive attitude because it is a very suitable method for dealing with inmates. When deciding to grant privileges to prisoners the prescribed criteria for granting should be respected. Also, the prisoners should be clearly acknowledged that their active involvement in the process of their own re-socialization will pay off; they will be granted privileges because of their positive behavior. On the other side, selective granting of privileges to prisoners can have the opposite effect. In order to minimize the abuse of the granted priviliges, the re-socialization sector and the commission for granting priviliges need to make an appropriate assessment of the prisoner's behavior after receiving the privilige. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, POST PENAL ASSISTANCE OF EX-PRISONERS – the case of the Republic of Macedonia –(Iustinianus Primus Law Review, 2011)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraThe author of the paper deals with the issue of post penal assistance of ex-prisoners. The author gives a review of the best practicies of implementation of the post penal assistance, namely the Anglo-Saxon countries. The paper analyses the application of the post penal assistance of ex-prisoners in the Republic of Macedonia. Post penal assistance is seen as an extended treatment of the convict. This form of treatment is an element of re-socialization as a continuous process aimed at successful engagement of the ex-prisoner in the lawful life. Post penal assistance can be internal, that is encouragement and advice of the convicts to solve their own problems they would face immediately after release from the penal institution. On the other hand is the external assistance that is manifested through various forms, such as: providing temporary accommodation and nutrition, providing necessary treatment, selection of a new environment in which the convicted person will live, assisting in arranging family situation, finding suitable employment, enabling to finish school, providing financial assistance to cover the most necessary needs, etc. External post penal assistance is the real after care of ex-prisoners. Post penal assistance as a form of treatment provides achievement of the principles of humanity in the execution of criminal sanctions. Measures taken by the institutions and bodies responsible for post penal assistance should be in accordance with the needs of prisoners. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, CONDITIONAL RELEASE (PAROLE) IN THE SYSTEM OF EXECUTION OF SANCTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA: IS IT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOMMENDATION REC (2003) 22 ON CONDITIONAL RELEASE (PAROLE)?(Iustinianus Primus Law Review, 2012)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraThe author considers the Macedonian legal regime on conditional release and compares it with the principles of the Recommendation Rec(2003)22 on conditional release (parole) and the Appendix to Recommendation Rec(2003)22. The author argues that the Macedonian parole system needs certain improvements, especially regarding procedural safeguards in the decision-making process. In a separate chapter, the author of the paper analyses the data on the requests and proposals submitted by the directors of penitentiary institutions for conditional release and their acceptance and refusals in the Republic of Macedonia. According to the data on application of the conditional release (parole) in our penitentiary practice, the author concludes that it is very rarely imposed. In cases where the request is accepted, the parole is usually granted to prisoners sentenced to short sentences and it is mostly approved for up to 3 months. Hence, it turns out that the main objective of the institute conditional release is not realized. This main objective is to motivate inmates to engage actively in their own re-socialization process, to stimulate exemplary behaviour and to participate actively in the work engagement in the institution. The data prove that conditional release should be monitored and studied further in terms of its application for special categories of inmates and types of crimes. The study should facilitate setting criteria ensuring wider application of this institute. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, GRANTING PRIVILEGES TO PRISONERS IN THE PENOLOGICAL PRACTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA(Iustinianus Primus Law Review, 2013)Gruevska Drakulevski, AleksandraThe author of the paper addresses a very important institute in the process of re-socialization of prisoners - the granting of privileges to prisoners. Privileges of prisoners are incentives that motivate prisoners to actively engage in their own rehabilitation. The basic function of privileges is to stimulate inmates to a disciplinary and responsible behavior, and exemplary efforts in work and other rehabilitative activities during the serving of their sentence. In this article the author specifically focuses on international standards and regulations in the Republic of Macedonia concerning the conditions and procedure for granting privileges to prisoners. In a separate chapter the author analyzes a number of granted privileges to prisoners in the Republic of Macedonia in the period between 2008 and 2012, and their subsequent abuse. The author concludes that our penological practice regarding privileges of prisoners has a positive attitude, because it is a very suitable method for dealing with inmates. When deciding to grant privileges to prisoners the prescribed criteria for granting should be respected. Also, prisoners should clearly acknowledge that their active involvement in the process of their own re-socialization will pay off; they will be granted privileges because of their positive behavior. On the other hand, selective granting of privileges to prisoners can have the opposite effect.