Plasma apo/lipoproteins disturbances as a precondition for metabolic syndrome in HCV seronegative heroin addicts

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia in heroin addicts is considered to be a precondition for developing metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the frequency in serum lipid disturbances of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seronegative heroin addicts; the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for predicting hypertriglyceridemia/low HDL-C profile; correlation of HDL-C with the apoB/apoA-I and their correlation to plasma apo/lipoproteins. Materials and methods: Sixty-six heroin addicts, seronegative for HCV and HIV, without liver morphological changes were divided into two groups according to their decreased/normal HDL-C concentrations. Results: We registered decreased HDL-C in 58.8% of the addicts; decreased apoA-I in 50.9%, increased triglyceride (TGL) in 35.9%, and increased apoB/apoA-I in 3.8% of the patients; and 25.7% had hypertriglyceridemia/low HDL profile. Addicts with low HDL-C had higher TGL (1.73 ± .91 vs. 1.31 ± .71, pр = .02) compared with addicts with normal HDL-C and the controls. Low HDL-C group had higher apoB/apoA-I compared with addicts with normal HDL-C (.62 ± .28 vs. .42 ± .11, pр = .000). HDL-C inversely correlated to apoB/apoA-I (p = −.452, pр = .001). ApoB/apoA-I showed stronger correlation with the observed apo/lipoproteins than the HDL-C. The logistic regression model showed that apoB/apoA-I index (OR 89.1, 95% CI 1.3–5971.2) is more significant predictor in developing hypertriglyceridemia/low HDL profile than HDL-C. Conclusion: Heroin addiction is associated with decreased plasma concentrations of HDL-C, apoA-I, apoB, and increased TGL concentrations. In heroin addicts, HDL-C concentrations are significantly associated with the apoB/apoA-I index, which correlates to all lipid fractions and is a stronger predictor of metabolic syndrome lipid profile in heroin addicts.